Glossary
- 2. Total Physical Response (TPR) A teaching technique whereby a learner (usually young learner) responds to language input with body motions. Is a language teaching method developed by James Asher. It is based on the coordination of language and physical movement. In TPR, instructors give commands to students in the target language, and students respond with whole-body actions.
- 3. Language Acquisition vs. Language Learning Teachers of English language learners should really be developing the oral communication, reading, vocabulary, and writing skills of their young students.
- 4. Silent Period The first stage of the language acquisition process is called “The Silent Period” simply because the students aren’t doing much talking yet. In some learners this period may be shorter or longer, ranging between 2 to 6 months, though it may take much longer too, depending on the exposure to the foreign language that the learner has. The main characteristic of this stage is that after some initial exposure to the language, the learner is able to understand much more than s/he can produce.
- 5. Mother Tongue The general usage of the term 'mother tongue' . . . denotes not only the language one learns from one's mother, but also the speaker's dominant and home language, i.e. not only the first language according to the time of acquisition, but the first with regard to its importance and the speaker's ability to master its linguistic and communicative aspects.
- 6. English as a Foreign Language (EFL) English as a Foreign Language (EFL) is an academic program designed to develop basic English skills of students who wish to study in a community college or university in the USA. Working students can also benefit by improving language skills for their professional development.
- 7. English as a Second Language (ESL) A traditional term for the use or study of the English lenguage by non- native speakers in an English speaking environment. English as a Second Language (ESL or TESL) also refers to specialized approaches to language teaching designed for those whose primary language is not English.
- 8. Drills It`s an activity that practises a particular skill and often involves repeating the same thing several times.
- 9. Approach An approach is an viewpoint toward teaching. It provides philosophy to the whole process of instruction. As presented by the diagram, the method and technique are just parts and parcels of approach. Approach gives the overall wisdom, it provides direction, and sets expectations to the entire of the teaching process. Furthermore, approach sets the general rule or general principle to make learning possible.
- 10. Phonics A method of teaching reading based on the sounds of letters, groups of letters, and syllables. Phonics is a code. So knowing the sounds of letters and letter combinations will help decode words as he reads. Almost everyone can learn phonics...even those with learning difficulties. Phonics is simply the system of relationships between letters and sounds in a language.
- 11. Digital Literasy Digital Literacy is the ability to use information and communication technologies to find, evaluate, create, and communicate information, requiring both cognitive and technical skills.
- 12. Literacy An individual's ability to read, write, speak in English, compute and solve problems at levels of proficiency necessary to function on the job, in the family of the individual and in society.
- 13. Multiple Intelligences Human intelligence has the following characteristics: - A set of skills that enable a person to resolve genuine problems encountered in life. - The ability to create an effective product or offer a service that is valued in a culture. - The potential for recognizing or creating problems,thereby establishing the necessity for the new knowledge.
- 14. Target Language It’s the language into which a translation is done. Is the language learners are studying, and also the individual items of language that they want to learn, or the teacher wants them to learn.