Glyn Moody: from open source to open research
- 1. from open source to open research glyn moody
- 2. once in a lifetime? global society is passing through a major transition
- 3. transition from analogue to digital
- 4. *not* once in a lifetime
- 5. once in a *civilisation*
- 6. ”analogue” innovation traditional innovation in an analogue (pre-Web) world centralised
- 7. top-down
- 9. not scalable *closed* innovation
- 10. what does open/digital innovation look like?
- 11. GNU/Linux GNU (1984 – Richard Stallman): a free version of the leading Unix operating system
- 12. Linux (1991 – Linus Torvalds): operating system kernel
- 13. key inflection was August 1991, when Torvalds opened up his ”Linux” project using the Internet
- 14. open innovation decentralised anyone, anywhere, could join in bottom-up people fed suggestions, problems and solutions to Linus collaboration easy Internet was more affordable scalable no formal training required – everything is out in the open
- 15. Linus' Law Eric Raymond: ”given enough eyeballs, all bugs are shallow”
- 16. adding more people to a project increases the probability that someone’s approach will match the problem in such a way that the solution is obvious (”shallow”) to that person
- 17. power of open innovation derives from its openness to all
- 18. fruits of open innovation 91% of top 500 supercomputers run Linux 0.2% run Microsoft Windows Google runs its services on millions of servers running Linux so does Facebook, Twitter etc. Android mobile phone system runs on Linux 200,000,000 handsets activated
- 20. open access scientific method based on sharing knowledge originated 17th century
- 21. undermined in later 20th century US Bayh-Dole Act (1980)
- 22. scientific publishing open access – free online access to research arXiv.org - 713,177 e-prints (1991)
- 23. Public Library of Science (2001)
- 24. open access potential increases citations of research articles
- 25. increases likelihood of others building on work
- 26. allows new discovery through text and data mining
- 27. allows schools to explore latest research
- 28. allows public to use what they have paid for
- 29. open data - HGP Human Genome Project started 1991, budget of $3.8 billion
- 30. first "complete" human genome published 2001
- 31. first and biggest open data project
- 32. Bermuda Agreement (1996) all human genomic data placed in public domain immediately, no restrictions
- 33. open data potential Human Genome Project cost: $3.8 billion
- 34. benefit: $796 billion economic impact, created 310,000 jobs new ecosystem of open data companies, like open source
- 35. mashups - business, educational, general use
- 36. allows public to benefit from what they have paid for
- 37. open research not just about opening up results and data, but the *process* too
- 38. Galaxy Zoo July 2007
- 39. there are too many galaxy images for experts: 10,000,000
- 40. anyone can help classify 250,000 people taken *active* part in "citizen science"
- 41. open research potential citizen science has big benefits for education and public: true democratisation of research
- 42. another key part of 21st-century research process is use of computers: need to open that too
- 43. as well as results and data, release all research software produced as open source
- 44. allows researchers to check, and everyone to use
- 45. from open source to open research [email_address] @glynmoody on Twitter/identi.ca opendotdotdot.blogspot.com