direct object pronouns
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This document discusses direct objects in Spanish. It explains that a direct object receives the action of the verb. It can be a person or thing. The direct object answers the question "what?" or "whom?". When the direct object is replaced with a pronoun, the pronouns "lo", "la", "los", or "las" are used depending on whether the object is masculine/feminine, singular/plural. The pronoun comes before the conjugated verb. Translating direct object pronouns word-for-word from English to Spanish often does not work, so it is better to think of phrases like "la como" as single units with the meaning "I eat it".
direct object pronouns
- 2. DIRECT OBJECTS • The object that directly receives the action of the verb is called the direct object. • Mary kicked the ball. "Ball" receives the action of the verb “kicked." • Sherry reads the book. "Book" receives the action of the verb "reads."
- 3. DIRECT OBJECTS • The direct object can also be a person. • Mary kicked the Joe. (direct object =Joe- Joe received the action)
- 4. DIRECT OBJECTS • The direct object answers the question "what?" or "whom?" with regard to what the subject of the sentence is doing . • Mary kicked the ball. Mary kicked what? Mary kicked the ball. • Mary kicked Joe. Mary kicked whom? Mary kicked Joe.
- 5. When the pronoun replaces the name of the direct object, use the following pronouns:
- 6. lo, la (it)
- 8. In an affirmative statement with one verb, the direct object pronoun comes immediately before the conjugated verb. • Tengo = I have • Tengo la pluma. = I have the pen. • La tengo. = I have it.
- 9. The pronoun (la) comes immediately before the verb (tengo).
- 10. Notice that if the subject of the sentence changes, this does not affect the direct object pronoun. • Juan la tiene. • Juan tiene = John has Juan tiene la pluma. = John has the pen. Juan la tiene. = John has it.
- 11. However, if the direct object of the sentence changes to a masculine noun, the masculine pronoun must be used. • Tengo = I have • Tengo el libro. = I have the book. • Lo tengo. = I have it.
- 12. Likewise, if the direct object of the sentence changes from singular to plural, the plural pronoun must be used. • Tengo = I have • Tengo los libros. = I have the books. • Los tengo. =them.
- 13. Remember, if the direct object of the sentence changes from singular to plural, the plural pronoun must be used. • Juan tiene = John has Juan tiene las plumas. = John has the pen.s Juan las tiene. = John has them.
- 14. Look at how Spanish and English are different. "Lo tengo" and "La tengo" BOTH mean "I have it." Differences: "It" has two forms in Spanish: lo, la "Tengo" one word in Spanish = two words in English (I have) The word order is different. In Spanish, the pronoun (lo, la) comes before the verb; in English, the pronoun (it) comes after the verb.
- 15. When you try to translate literally from English to Spanish, sometimes it works very well: John eats the soup. John = Juan John eats = Juan come John eats the = Juan come la John eats the soup = Juan come la sopa
- 16. Sometimes, when you try to translate literally, you run into much bigger problems: I eat it. (the soup - la sopa) I = Yo I eat = Yo como I eat it. = Yo como la. This is completely incorrect!
- 17. The correct translation would be: I eat it. (the soup) La como.
- 18. As you can see, directly translating sentences with direct object pronouns doesn't work, so ... •don't do it!
- 19. There is a better, easier way. Learn to translate groups of words, rather than individual words. The first step is to learn to view two Spanish words as a single phrase.
- 20. Try to think of each line as a single phrase, not two separate words: la como lo como la leo lo leo la veo lo veo la tengo lo tengo
- 21. Read each line again. Before you do, glance at the translation beneath it. Then, read each line thinking of it as a phrase that has the same meaning as the English phrase below it. • la como I eat it (feminine DO - la sopa, la comida, etc.) lo como I eat it (masculine DO - el pollo, el arroz, etc.)
- 22. la leo I read it lo leo I read it la veo I see it lo veo I see it la tengo I have it lo tengo I have it
- 23. Juan la come. (la comida) Juan eats it. María lo tiene. (el libro) María has it. El chico la compra. (la pluma) The boy buys it. La chica lo ve. (el edificio) The girl sees it. Ustedes lo leen. (el periódico) You-all read it.
- 24. Juan come dos sándwiches. Los come. or Juan los come. María tiene tres libros. Los tiene. or María los tiene. El chico compra dos revistas. Las compra. or El chico las compra. La chica ve dos coches. Los ve. or La chica los ve. Ella compra dos televisiones. Las compra. or Ella las compra. Tenemos dos mesas. Las tenemos. or Nosotros las tenemos.