Grammar notebook
- 1. Grammar NotebookBy: Mariana Tucker
- 2. Table of ContentsPreterite vs. imperfectSer vs. estarVerbs like gustarComperatives/superlativesTransition wordsFutureTrigger words- futurePorparaPreterite
- 4. Car-Gar-Zar
- 5. Spock Verbs
- 6. Snake and Snake-y verbs
- 8. Imperfect
- 11. Preterite continued…-AR verbs-Er/-ir verbs
- 12. HacequeUn diaUnavezAnteayerEl pasadoayerTrigger words- PreteriteA lasocho*When you see these words in a sentence you will have a hint to use the preterite*A noche
- 13. -Car, -Gar, -ZarTocar (yo form)Jugar (yo form)Tocé = WRONG! Jugé= WRONG! Toqué- to get the hard “c’ soundJugué- to get the hard “g” sound
- 14. Spock Verbs*Stem changing verbs in the preteriteFuiFuimosFuisteFueFueron d/v -i d/v -imos d/v -iste d/v -io d/v –ieronhicehicimoshicistehizohicieronIr/Ser:Dar/Ver:Hacer:
- 15. “Snake” VerbsO to u
- 16. Morir
- 18. Repetir
- 19. Servir
- 20. Sentir
- 21. Pedir
- 22. Preferir*Snake verbs will only change in the “usted” and “ustedes” form
- 23. “Snake-ey” verbs.The verbs that require a “y” in the “usted” and ustedes” form happen with verbs like leer and oir.Oir
- 24. Preterite Irregulars aka “Cucharacha Verbs”Andaranduv-Estarestuv-Poderpud-Poner pus-Quererquis-Saber sup-Tenertuv-Venirvin-decirdij-traertraj-conducirconduj-producirproduj-Traducirtraduj- The root of these verbs change but the normal preterite endings will stay the same.
- 25. The highlighted verbs will end in –eron instead of –ieron because of the j’s that are at the end of the verbs.Imperfecto
- 26. Imperfect irregularesIr-ibaíbamos-ibas-ibaibanSer-eraéramos-eras-era eranVer-veíaveíamos-veías- veíaveían
- 27. A vecesmientrasLos lunesTrigger words- ImperfectTodos los díassiempreCadadía
- 28. Ser- “to be”D- escriptionsO- riginC- haracteristicsT- imeO- ccupationR- elationshipsP- ossesionE- vents D- ates
- 29. EstarH- ealthE- motionsL- ocationP- resent conditionING}Ar- andoEr/ir- endo -yendo
- 30. VerboscomoGustarWhen gustar is followed by one or more verbs in the infinitive, singular form of gustar is always usedOften used in conditional (me gustaría) to soften a request.Ejemplos:
- 31. A Adela le encanta la musicá de Shakira.
- 32. A mi me aburre la músicaclásica.Verboscomogustar cont…Caerbien/mal
- 33. disgustar
- 34. Hacerfalta
- 35. preocupar
- 36. soprender
- 39. El graneroesmasgrandeque la casa
- 40. El castilloes el masgrande de todos
- 41. Ejemplos:
- 44. Estedinosaurioes el menosferozdinosaurio en el mundo.Comparatives/ superlatives cont…IrregularesBuenomejorMalopeorViejor mayorJovenmenor* To say “more than” or “less than” with numbers….use “mas de” or “menos de” + number
- 45. Connector wordsAunque- even thoughPor lo tanto- thereforeMientras- whilePero- butTambien- alsoA pesar de- in spite ofSin embargo/ no obstante- nevertheless
- 46. El FuturoIrregularesQuererQuerrSaber SabrCaber CabrHaber HabrDecir DirHacerharPonerPondrSalirSaldrTenerTendrValerValdrVenirVendrPoderPodr
- 47. Trigger words- FuturoMañanaEl proximodíaEn dos días
- 48. When to use POR….Passing through…PORtalGeneral rather than specific location….PORtugalHow long something lasts….POReverThe cause of something…PORpuseAn exchange…imPORt/esPORtDoing something in place of or instead of someone else….I’m POR, pay for meA means of transportation….transPORtation
- 49. When to use PARA…For whom something is done…surprise PARAtyDestination….PARAguayThe purpose for which something is done…PARAchuteTo express an opinion…PARAdon meTo contrast or compare…comPARATp express idea of deadline…PARAmedic