Grammar notebook (s2)
- 1. Grammar NotebookBy: Mariana Tucker
- 2. Table of ContentsPreterite vs. imperfectSer vs. estarVerbs like gustarComperatives/superlativesTransition wordsFutureTrigger words- futurePorparaPreterite
- 4. Car-Gar-Zar
- 5. Spock Verbs
- 6. Snake and Snake-y verbs
- 8. Imperfect
- 10. IrregularsTable of Contents (cont.)Conditional + irregularsPerfect TensesPresentPastIrregularssubjunctiveTanto y tanImpersonal “se”Saber vs. ConocerMandatosInformal/Formal
- 12. Irregular (DOP + IOP placement)
- 14. Mono Verbs
- 19. Demonstrative Adjectives + PronounsPreterite
- 20. Preterite continued…-AR verbs-Er/-ir verbs
- 21. HacequeUn diaUnavezAnteayerEl pasadoayerTrigger words- PreteriteA lasocho*When you see these words in a sentence you will have a hint to use the preterite*A noche
- 22. -Car, -Gar, -ZarTocar (yo form)Jugar (yo form)Tocé = WRONG! Jugé= WRONG! Toqué- to get the hard “c’ soundJugué- to get the hard “g” sound
- 23. Spock Verbs*Stem changing verbs in the preteriteFuiFuimosFuisteFueFueron d/v -i d/v -imos d/v -iste d/v -io d/v –ieronhicehicimoshicistehizohicieronIr/Ser:Dar/Ver:Hacer:
- 24. “Snake” VerbsO to u
- 25. Morir
- 27. Repetir
- 28. Servir
- 29. Sentir
- 30. Pedir
- 31. Preferir*Snake verbs will only change in the “usted” and “ustedes” form
- 32. “Snake-ey” verbs.The verbs that require a “y” in the “usted” and ustedes” form happen with verbs like leer and oir.Oir
- 33. Preterite Irregulars aka “Cucharacha Verbs”Andaranduv-Estarestuv-Poderpud-Poner pus-Quererquis-Saber sup-Tenertuv-Venirvin-decirdij-traertraj-conducirconduj-producirproduj-Traducirtraduj- The root of these verbs change but the normal preterite endings will stay the same.
- 34. The highlighted verbs will end in –eron instead of –ieron because of the j’s that are at the end of the verbs.Imperfecto
- 35. Imperfect irregularesIr-ibaíbamos-ibas-ibaibanSer-eraéramos-eras-era eranVer-veíaveíamos-veías- veíaveían
- 36. A vecesmientrasLos lunesTrigger words- ImperfectTodos los díassiempreCadadía
- 37. Ser- “to be”D- escriptionsO- riginC- haracteristicsT- imeO- ccupationR- elationshipsP- ossesionE- vents D- ates
- 38. EstarH- ealthE- motionsL- ocationP- resent conditionING}Ar- andoEr/ir- endo -yendo
- 39. VerboscomoGustarWhen gustar is followed by one or more verbs in the infinitive, singular form of gustar is always usedOften used in conditional (me gustaría) to soften a request.Ejemplos:
- 40. A Adela le encanta la musicá de Shakira.
- 41. A mi me aburre la músicaclásica.Verboscomogustar cont…Caerbien/mal
- 42. disgustar
- 43. Hacerfalta
- 44. preocupar
- 45. soprender
- 48. El graneroesmasgrandeque la casa
- 49. El castilloes el masgrande de todos
- 50. Ejemplos:
- 53. Estedinosaurioes el menosferozdinosaurio en el mundo.Comparatives/ superlatives cont…IrregularesBuenomejorMalopeorViejor mayorJovenmenor* To say “more than” or “less than” with numbers….use “mas de” or “menos de” + number
- 54. Connector wordsAunque- even thoughPor lo tanto- thereforeMientras- whilePero- butTambien- alsoA pesar de- in spite ofSin embargo/ no obstante- nevertheless
- 55. El FuturoIrregularesQuererQuerrSaber SabrCaber CabrHaber HabrDecir DirHacerharPonerPondrSalirSaldrTenerTendrValerValdrVenirVendrPoderPodr
- 56. Trigger words- FuturoMañanaEl proximodíaEn dos días
- 57. When to use POR….Passing through…PORtalGeneral rather than specific location….PORtugalHow long something lasts….POReverThe cause of something…PORpuseAn exchange…imPORt/esPORtDoing something in place of or instead of someone else….I’m POR, pay for meA means of transportation….transPORtation
- 58. When to use PARA…For whom something is done…surprise PARAtyDestination….PARAguayThe purpose for which something is done…PARAchuteTo express an opinion…PARAdon meTo contrast or compare…comPARATp express idea of deadline…PARAmedic
- 60. Conditional IrregularsDecir Dir__Haber Habr__PoderPodr__PonerPondr__Saber Sabr__TenerTendr__ValerValdr__
- 61. VenirVendr__
- 62. Caber Cabr__
- 63. QuererQuerr__
- 64. SalirSaldr___Present PerfectA compound tense that is formed with the present and the verb “haber” and the past participle of the other verb-- Ar ado-- Erido--Irido
- 65. Past PerfectThe past perfect is compound tense where two verbs have to be presentMain verbAuxiliary verb (“had”)Use the verb “had” with a past participleHaberHabíaHabíamosHabíasHabíaHabían
- 68. Tanto y Tan
- 69. Impersonal “se”You will use the impersonal “se” when the person doing the action of the verb is not specified. The impersonal “se” can be used in all tenses* The verb is always in 3rd person when using “se”
- 72. Los Mandatos
- 74. Usted/es IrregularsTener---> tengaVenir---> vengaDar/Decir--->dé or digaIr---> vayaSer--->seaHacer---> hagaEstoy---> estéSaber---> sepá
- 76. Hacer- haz
- 77. Ir- ve
- 78. Poner- pon
- 79. Salir- sal
- 80. Tener- ten
- 81. Venir- venNegative TúIrregulars Tener- tengasVenir- vengasDecir-digasIr-vayasSer-sayasHacer- hagasEstoy- estesSaber- sepas
- 86. Irregulars
- 89. Examples: Expressions of Emotions
- 92. Demonstrative Adjectives/ Pronounsthis” “that “these” “those”Ejemplos:Adjectives:Este libroesfacil.This book is easy.Yoquieroestataza.I want that cupPronounsYoquieroeste.I want that.¿Queesese?What is that?