Graphics software standards
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This document discusses graphics software standards. It describes GKS (Graphics Kernel System) as the first graphics software standard adopted by ISO and other organizations. GKS provides standard methods for 2D graphics and was later extended by PHIGS to support 3D graphics. PHIGS includes additional functions for object modeling, color specification, surface rendering, and picture manipulation. The document also outlines key GKS primitives like polyline, polymarker, fill area, and text - describing their functions and attributes that control appearance.
Graphics software standards
- 1. Graphics Software Standards By Ankit Garg Assistant Professor Amity University, Haryana
- 2. Graphics Standard Cont…. • Standard makes portability • Rewriting Code is not required • Following standards are available. • GKS (Graphics Kernel System) • PHIGS (Programmer’s Hierarchical Interactive graphics standard.
- 3. GKS • GKS- This system provides standard methods for developing programs. It is used by various programming languages like C, Fortran, Pascal, Basic etc. GKS was adopted as first graphics software standard by ISO & by National standard organization including ANSI. • GKS was originally designed as a 2D graphics package. • PHIGS was the extension of GKS which provides 3D graphics package. • GKS includes various types of methods, reserved words. Advantages of GKS • It provides improved algorithm • It makes system portable. • Rewriting of code is not required
- 4. PHIGS (Programmer’s Hierarchical Interactive Graphics Standard) • PHIGS was the extension of GKS which provides 3D graphics package. • PHIGS includes additional functions for • Object Modeling • Color Specification • Surface Rendering • Picture Manipulation • PHIGS+ is the advance version of PHIGS having additional functionality.
- 5. PHIGS (Programmer’s Hierarchical Interactive Graphics Standard) Solid Modeling Surface modeling
- 6. GKS primitives • Polyline • Polymarker • Fill area • Text
- 7. Graphics Standard Cont…. • Polyline • The GKS function for drawing line segments is called polyline. The polyline function takes an array of X-Y coordinates and draws line segments connecting them. The attributes that control the appearance of a polyline are: • Linetype: which controls whether the polyline is drawn as a solid, dashed, dotted, or dash-dotted line. • Linewidth scale factor: which controls how thick the line is. LW>1 thinner than standard line LW<1, thicker than standard line. • Polyline color index: which controls what color the line is. Set polyline(N,X1,Y1) here N is the number of points to be drawn. X1 is X array Y1 is Y array X 0.0 2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0 10.0 12.0 14.0 16.4 17.0 Y 8.8 7.6 7.1 7.4 8.0 8.9 9.6 9.9 9.4 9.7 Set polylineindex(1……..4)
- 8. Polyline
- 9. Graphics Standard Cont…. • Polymarkers • The GKS polymarker function allows you to draw marker symbols centered at coordinate points that you specify. The attributes that control the appearance of polymarkers are: • Marker: which specifies one of five standardized symmetric characters to be used for the marker. The five characters are dot, plus, asterisk, circle, and cross. 1 - . (dot) 2 - + (plus) 3 - * (asterisk) 4 - o (circle) 5 - X (cross) • Marker size scale factor: which controls how large each marker is (except for the dot marker). • Polymarker color index: which specifies what color the marker is. • POLYMARKER(19, XDK, YDK) X 15.7 17.0 17.7 17.3 15.3 13.0 11.0 9.0 7.0 4.7 Y 7.0 6.1 5.0 3.8 3.0 2.7 3.0 3.6 4.2 5.2
- 10. Polymarker
- 12. Graphics Standard Cont…. • Fill Area • The GKS fill area function allows you to specify a polygonal shape of an area to be filled with various interior styles. The attributes that control the appearance of fill areas are: • Fill area interior style: which specifies how the polygonal area should be filled: with solid colors or various hatch patterns, or with nothing, that is, a line is drawn to connect the points of the polygon, so you get only a border. • Fill area style index: If the fill area style is hatch, this index specifies which hatch pattern is to be used: horizontal lines; vertical lines; left slant lines; right slant lines; horizontal and vertical lines; or left slant and right slant lines. • Fill area color index, which specifies the color of the fill patterns or solid areas.
- 13. Fill Area
- 15. Graphics Standard Cont…. • Text • The GKS text function allows you to draw a text string at a specified coordinate position. The attributes that control the appearance of text are: • Text font and precision: which specifies what text font should be used for the characters and how precisely their representation should adhere to the settings of the other text attributes. • Character expansion factor: which controls the height-to-width ratio of each plotted character. • Character spacing: which specifies how much additional white space should be inserted between characters in a string. • Text color index: which specifies what color the text string should be.
- 16. TEXT • SET TEXT PATH(DOWN) • SET TEXT PATH(UP) • SET TEXT PATH(RIGHT) • SET TEXT PATH(LEFT) • TEXT(10, 17, 'GRAND HOTEL')
- 18. THANK YOU!