Hacking JavaFX with Groovy, Clojure, Scala, and Visage

Hacking JavaFX with Groovy, Clojure,
Scala, and Visage
Stephen Chin
Java Evangelist, Oracle
stephen.chin@oracle.com
tweet: @steveonjava

Meet the Presenter

Stephen Chin
> Java Evangelist, Oracle
> Author, Pro JavaFX Platform 2
Family Man
> Open Source Hacker
 JFXtras
 ScalaFX
Motorcyclist  Visage
> User Group Co-Leader
 Silicon Valley JavaFX
User Group
 Streamed Live!

Safe Harbor Statement
The following is intended to outline our general product
direction. It is intended for information purposes only, and
may not be incorporated into any contract. It is not a
commitment to deliver any material, code, or functionality,
and should not be relied upon in making purchasing
decisions. The development, release, and timing of any
features or functionality described for Oracle’s products
remains at the sole discretion of Oracle.

JavaFX 2.0 Platform
Immersive Application Experience
Leverage your Java skills with modern JavaFX
APIs
> Cross-platform Animation, Video, Charting
> Integrate Java, JavaScript, and HTML5 in the
same application
> New graphics stack takes advantage of
hardware acceleration for 2D and 3D
applications
> Use your favorite IDE: NetBeans, Eclipse,
IntelliJ, etc.

Programming Languages
> JavaFX 2.0 APIs are now in Java
 Pure Java APIs for all of JavaFX
 Binding and Sequences exposed as Java APIs
 FXML Markup for tooling
> Embrace all JVM languages
 Groovy, Scala, Clojure, JRuby
 Fantom, Mira, Gosu, Jython, etc.
> JavaFX Script is no longer supported by Oracle
 Existing JavaFX Script based applications will continue to run
 Visage is the open-source successor to the JavaFX Script language

Vanishing Circles

7

Vanishing Circles in Java
public class VanishingCircles extends Application {

public static void main(String[] args) {
Application.launch(args);
}

@Override
public void start(Stage primaryStage) {
primaryStage.setTitle("Vanishing Circles");
Group root = new Group();
Scene scene = new Scene(root, 800, 600, Color.BLACK);
List<Circle> circles = new ArrayList<Circle>();
for (int i = 0; i < 50; i++) {
final Circle circle = new Circle(150);
circle.setCenterX(Math.random() * 800);
circle.setCenterY(Math.random() * 600);
circle.setFill(new Color(Math.random(), Math.random(), Math.random(), .2));
40 Lines
circle.setEffect(new BoxBlur(10, 10, 3));
circle.addEventHandler(MouseEvent.MOUSE_CLICKED, new EventHandler<MouseEvent>() {
public void handle(MouseEvent t) {
KeyValue collapse = new KeyValue(circle.radiusProperty(), 0);
1299 Characters
new Timeline(new KeyFrame(Duration.seconds(3), collapse)).play();
}
});
circle.setStroke(Color.WHITE);
circle.strokeWidthProperty().bind(Bindings.when(circle.hoverProperty())
.then(4)
.otherwise(0));
circles.add(circle);
}
root.getChildren().addAll(circles);
primaryStage.setScene(scene);
primaryStage.show();

Timeline moveCircles = new Timeline();
for (Circle circle : circles) {
KeyValue moveX = new KeyValue(circle.centerXProperty(), Math.random() * 800);
KeyValue moveY = new KeyValue(circle.centerYProperty(), Math.random() * 600);
moveCircles.getKeyFrames().add(new KeyFrame(Duration.seconds(40), moveX, moveY));
}
moveCircles.play();
}
}

8

Application Skeleton
public class VanishingCircles extends Application {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Application.launch(args);
}
@Override
public void start(Stage primaryStage) {
primaryStage.setTitle("Vanishing Circles");
Group root = new Group();
Scene scene = new Scene(root, 800, 600, Color.BLACK);
[create the circles…]
root.getChildren().addAll(circles);
[begin the animation…]
}
}

Create the Circles
List<Circle> circles = new ArrayList<Circle>();
for (int i = 0; i < 50; i++) {
final Circle circle = new Circle(150);
circle.setFill(new Color(Math.random(), Math.random(),
Math.random(), .2));
circle.setStroke(Color.WHITE);
[setup binding…]
[setup event listeners…]
circles.add(circle);
}

10

Setup Binding
circle.strokeWidthProperty().bind(Bindings
.when(circle.hoverProperty())
.then(4)
.otherwise(0)
);

11

Setup Event Listeners
circle.addEventHandler(MouseEvent.MOUSE_CLICKED,
new EventHandler<MouseEvent>() {
new Timeline(new KeyFrame(Duration.seconds(3),
collapse)).play();
}
});

12

Begin the Animation
KeyValue moveX = new KeyValue(circle.centerXProperty(),
Math.random() * 800);
KeyValue moveY = new KeyValue(circle.centerYProperty(),
Math.random() * 600);
moveCircles.getKeyFrames().add(new KeyFrame(Duration.seconds(40),
moveX, moveY));
}
moveCircles.play();

13

Features of Groovy
> Modern language
 Closures
 AST Transforms
 Strongly typed dynamic language

> Tight integration with Java
 Very easy to port from Java to Groovy

> Declarative syntax with GroovyFX Builders
 Familiar to Groovy and JavaFX Script developers

Java vs. GroovyFX DSL
public class VanishingCircles extends Application { GroovyFX.start { primaryStage ->
def sg = new SceneGraphBuilder()
public static void main(String[] args) { def rand = new Random().&nextInt
Application.launch(args); def circles = []
}
sg.stage(title: 'Vanishing Circles', show: true) {
@Override scene(fill: black, width: 800, height: 600) {
public void start(Stage primaryStage) { 50.times {
primaryStage.setTitle("Vanishing Circles"); circles << circle(centerX: rand(800), centerY: rand(600), radius: 150, stroke: white,
Group root = new Group(); strokeWidth: bind('hover', converter: {val -> val ? 4 : 0})) {
Scene scene = new Scene(root, 800, 600, Color.BLACK); fill rgb(rand(255), rand(255), rand(255), 0.2)
List<Circle> circles = new ArrayList<Circle>(); effect boxBlur(width: 10, height: 10, iterations: 3)
for (int i = 0; i < 50; i++) { onMouseClicked { e ->

29 Lines
final Circle circle = new Circle(150); timeline {

40 Lines
circle.setEffect(new BoxBlur(10, 10, 3)); }
}
at(3.s) { change e.source.radiusProperty() to 0 }
}.play()

1299 Characters
}
}
671 Characters
timeline(cycleCount: Timeline.INDEFINITE, autoReverse: true) {
} circles.each { circle ->
}); at (40.s) {
circle.setStroke(Color.WHITE); change circle.centerXProperty() to rand(800)
circle.strokeWidthProperty().bind(Bindings.when(circle.hoverProperty()) change circle.centerYProperty() to rand(600)
.then(4) }
.otherwise(0)); }
circles.add(circle); }.play()
} }
root.getChildren().addAll(circles); }

}
moveCircles.play();
}
}

16

GroovyFX.start { primaryStage ->
def rand = new Random().&nextInt
def circles = []

scene(fill: black, width: 800, height: 600) {
50.times {
circles << circle(centerX: rand(800), centerY: rand(600),
radius: 150, stroke: white,
strokeWidth: bind('hover', converter: {val -> val ? 4 : 0})) {
fill rgb(rand(255), rand(255), rand(255), 0.2)
effect boxBlur(width: 10, height: 10, iterations: 3)
}
}
}
}
}
17

def circles = []
Builder for GroovyFX scene graphs
50.times {
}
}
}
}
}
18

def circles = []

50.times {
radius: 150, stroke: white, Declarative Stage definition
}
}
}
}
}
19

def circles = []
Inline property definitions
50.times {
}
}
}
}
}
20

def circles = []

scene(fill: black, width: 800, height: 600) { Bind to properties
50.times {
}
}
}
}
}
21

def circles = []

sg.stage(title: 'Vanishing Circles', show: Sequence Creation Via Loop
true) {
50.times {
}
}
}
}
}
22

Animation in GroovyFX
circles.each { circle ->
at (40.s) {
change circle.centerXProperty() to rand(800)
change circle.centerYProperty() to rand(600)
}
}
}.play()

23

at (40.s) {
}
} Easy animation syntax:
}.play() at (duration) {keyframes}

24

at (40.s) {
}
}
}.play()
Key frame DSL

25

at (40.s) {
change circle.centerXProperty() to rand(800) tween ease_both
change circle.centerYProperty() to rand(600) tween linear
}
}
}.play()
Optional easing

26

Event Listeners in GroovyFX
> Supported using the built-in Closure syntax
> Optional arguments for event objects

onMouseClicked { e ->
timeline {
}.play()
}

27

> Optional arguments for event objects

onMouseClicked { MouseEvent e ->
timeline {
}.play()
}
Compact syntax
{body}
28

> Optional arguments for event objects Optional event parameter
{event -> body}

onMouseClicked { MouseEvent e ->
timeline {
}.play()
}

29

But wait, there is more Grooviness… 30

Properties in Java
public class Person {
private StringProperty firstName;
public void setFirstName(String val) { firstNameProperty().set(val); }
public String getFirstName() { return firstNameProperty().get(); }
public StringProperty firstNameProperty() {
if (firstName == null)
firstName = new SimpleStringProperty(this, "firstName");
return firstName;
}

private StringProperty lastName;
public void setLastName(String value) { lastNameProperty().set(value); }
public String getLastName() { return lastNameProperty().get(); }
public StringProperty lastNameProperty() {
if (lastName == null) // etc.
}
}

31

Properties in GroovyFX
@FXBindable String firstName;
@FXBindable String lastName;
}

32

Properties in GroovyFX
@FXBindable String firstName;
@FXBindable String lastName = “Smith”;
}

Optional initializers

33

TableView in Java
ObservableList<Person> items = ...
TableView<Person> tableView = new TableView<Person>(items);

TableColumn<Person,String> firstNameCol =
new TableColumn<Person,String>("First Name");

firstNameCol.setCellValueFactory(
new Callback<CellDataFeatures<Person, String>,
ObservableValue<String>>() {
public ObservableValue<String> call(CellDataFeatures<Person, String> p)
{
return p.getValue().firstNameProperty();
}
});

tableView.getColumns().add(firstNameCol);
34

TableView in GroovyFX
def dateFormat = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd");

tableView(items: persons) {
tableColumn(property: "name", text: "Name", prefWidth: 150)
tableColumn(property: "age", text: "Age", prefWidth: 50)
tableColumn(property: "gender", text: "Gender", prefWidth: 150)
tableColumn(property: "dob", text: "Birth", prefWidth: 150,
type: Date,
converter: { from -> return dateFormat.format(from) })
}

35

Layout in Java
TextField urlField = new TextField(“http://www.google.com”);
HBox.setHgrow(urlField, Priority.ALWAYS);

HBox hbox = new HBox();
hbox.getChildren().add(urlField);

WebView webView = new WebView();
VBox.setVgrow(webView, Priority.ALWAYS);

VBox vbox = new VBox();
vbox.getChildren().addAll(hbox, webView);

36

Layout in GroovyFX

sg.stage(title: "GroovyFX WebView Demo", show: true) {
scene(fill: groovyblue, width: 1024, height: 800) {
vbox {
hbox(padding: 10, spacing: 5) {
textField(“http://www.yahoo.com”, hgrow: "always")
button("Go”)
}
webView(vgrow: "always")
}
}
}

37

Layout in GroovyFX

38

Layout in GroovyFX
gridPane(hgap: 5, vgap: 10, padding: 25) {
columnConstraints(minWidth: 50, halignment: "right")
columnConstraints(prefWidth: 250)
label("Send Us Your Feedback", font: "24pt sanserif",
row: 0, columnSpan: GridPane.REMAINING, halignment: "center",
margin: [0, 0, 10])

label("Name: ", row: 1, column: 0)
textField(promptText: "Your name", row: 1, column: 1, hgrow: 'always')

label("Email:", row: 2, column: 0)
textField(promptText: "Your email", row: 2, column: 1, hgrow: 'always')

label("Message:", row: 3, column: 0, valignment: "baseline")
textArea(row: 3, column: 1, hgrow: "always", vgrow: "always")

button("Send Message", row: 4, column: 1, halignment: "right")
}
39

Layout in GroovyFX

40

GroovyFX Supports…

41

JavaFX With Clojure

Artwork by Augusto Sellhorn http://sellmic.com/

42

A Little About Clojure
> Started in 2007 by Rich Hickey
> Functional Programming Language
> Derived from LISP
> Optimized for High Concurrency

(def hello (fn [] "Hello world"))
(hello)

> … and looks nothing like Java!

43

Clojure Syntax in One Slide
Symbols Collections
(commas optional)

> numbers – 2.178 > Lists
> ratios – 355/113 (1, 2, 3, 4, 5)
> strings – “clojure”, “rocks” > Vectors

> characters – a b c d [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
> symbols – a b c d > Maps

> keywords – :alpha :beta {:a 1, :b 2, :c 3, :d 4}
> boolean – true, false > Sets

> null - nil #{:a :b :c :d :e}

(plus macros that are syntactic sugar wrapping the above)
44

Clojure GUI Example
(defn javafxapp []
(let [stage (Stage. "JavaFX Stage")
scene (Scene.)]
(.setFill scene Color/LIGHTGREEN)
(.setWidth stage 600)
(.setHeight stage 450)
(.setScene stage scene)
(.setVisible stage true)))
(javafxapp)

45

Refined Clojure GUI Example
(defn javafxapp []
(doto (Stage. "JavaFX Stage")
(.setWidth 600)
(.setHeight 450)
(.setScene (doto (Scene.)
(.setFill Color/LIGHTGREEN)
(.setContent (list (doto (Rectangle.)
(.setX 25)
(.setY 40)
(.setWidth 100)
(.setHeight 50)
(.setFill Color/RED))))))
(.setVisible true)))
(javafxapp)

46

Refined Clojure GUI Example
(defn javafxapp []
(doto (Stage. "JavaFX Stage")
(.setWidth 600) Doto allows nested data
(.setHeight 450)
(.setScene (doto (Scene.) structures
(.setFill Color/LIGHTGREEN)
(.setContent (list (doto (Rectangle.)
(.setX 25)
(.setY 40)
(.setWidth 100)
(.setHeight 50)
(.setFill Color/RED))))))
(.setVisible true)))
(javafxapp)

47

Closures in Clojure
> Inner classes can be created using proxy

(.addListener hoverProperty
(proxy [ChangeListener] []
(handle [p, o, v]
(.setFill rect
(if (.isHover rect) Color/GREEN Color/RED)))))

48

Closures in Clojure
> Inner classes can be created using proxy
Proxy form:
(proxy [class] [args] fs+)
f => (name [params*] body)
(.addListener hoverProperty
(proxy [ChangeListener] []
(handle [p, o, v]
(.setFill rect
(if (.isHover rect) Color/GREEN Color/RED)))))

49

JavaFX With Scala

50

What is Scala
2001 2006
• Scala Started • Scala v2.0

2003/2004 2011
• Scala v1.0 • Scala 2.9.2 (latest)

> Started in 2001 by Martin Odersky
> Compiles to Java bytecodes
> Pure object-oriented language
> Also a functional programming language
51

Java vs. Scala DSL
public class VanishingCircles extends Application { object VanishingCircles extends JFXApp {
var circles: Seq[Circle] = null
public static void main(String[] args) { stage = new Stage {
Application.launch(args); title = "Vanishing Circles"
} width = 800
height = 600
@Override scene = new Scene {
public void start(Stage primaryStage) { fill = BLACK
primaryStage.setTitle("Vanishing Circles"); circles = for (i <- 0 until 50) yield new Circle {
Group root = new Group(); centerX = random * 800
Scene scene = new Scene(root, 800, 600, Color.BLACK); centerY = random * 600
List<Circle> circles = new ArrayList<Circle>(); radius = 150
for (int i = 0; i < 50; i++) { fill = color(random, random, random, .2)
final Circle circle = new Circle(150); effect = new BoxBlur(10, 10, 3)

40 Lines
33 Lines
strokeWidth <== when (hover) then 4 otherwise 0
stroke = WHITE
onMouseClicked = {
Timeline(at (3 s) {radius -> 0}).play()

1299 Characters
new Timeline(new KeyFrame(Duration.seconds(3), collapse)).play(); }
}
}
591 Characters
content = circles

} }
});
circle.setStroke(Color.WHITE); new Timeline {
circle.strokeWidthProperty().bind(Bindings.when(circle.hoverProperty()) cycleCount = INDEFINITE
.then(4) autoReverse = true
.otherwise(0)); keyFrames = for (circle <- circles) yield at (40 s) {
circles.add(circle); Set(
} circle.centerX -> random * stage.width,
root.getChildren().addAll(circles); circle.centerY -> random * stage.height
primaryStage.setScene(scene); )
primaryStage.show(); }
}.play();
Timeline moveCircles = new Timeline(); }
}
moveCircles.play();
}
}

52

object VanishingCircles extends JFXApp {
stage = new Stage {
title = "Disappearing Circles"
width = 800
height = 600
scene = new Scene {
fill = BLACK
children = for (i <- 0 until 50) yield new Circle {
centerX = random * 800
centerY = random * 600
radius = 150
fill = color(random, random, random, 0.2)
effect = new BoxBlur(10, 10, 3)
}
}
}
}
53

stage = new Stage {
width = 800
height Base class for JavaFX applications
= 600
scene = new Scene {
fill = BLACK
radius = 150
}
}
}
}
54

stage = new Stage {
width = 800
height = 600
scene = new Scene { Declarative Stage definition
fill = BLACK
radius = 150
}
}
}
}
55

stage = new Stage {
width = 800 Inline property definitions
height = 600
scene = new Scene {
fill = BLACK
radius = 150
}
}
}
}
56

stage = new Stage {
width = 800
height = 600 Sequence Creation Via Loop
scene = new Scene {
fill = BLACK
radius = 150
}
}
}
}
57

Binding in Scala
Infix Addition/Subtraction/Multiplication/Division:
height <== rect1.height + rect2.height
Aggregate Operators:
width <== max(rect1.width, rect2.width, rect3.width)
Conditional Expressions:
strokeWidth <== when (hover) then 4 otherwise 0
Compound Expressions:
text <== when (rect.hover || circle.hover && !disabled) then
textField.text + " is enabled" otherwise "disabled"

58

Animation in Scala
val timeline = new Timeline {
cycleCount = INDEFINITE
autoReverse = true
keyFrames = for (circle <- circles) yield at (40 s) {
Set(
circle.centerX -> random * stage.width,
circle.centerY -> random * stage.height
)
}
}
timeline.play();

59

JavaFX Script-like animation
Animation in Scala syntax: at (duration) {keyframes}
autoReverse = true
Set(
)
}
}
timeline.play();

60

Animation in Scala
autoReverse = true
Set(
)
}
}
Operator overloading for animation
timeline.play();
syntax
61

Animation in Scala
autoReverse = true
Set(
circle.centerX -> random * stage.width tween EASE_BOTH,
circle.centerY -> random * stage.height tween EASE_IN
)
}
}
timeline.play(); Optional tween
syntax
62

Event Listeners in Scala
> Arguments for event objects
> 100% type-safe

onMouseClicked = { (e: MouseEvent) =>
Timeline(at(3 s){radius->0}).play()
}

63

> 100% type-safe

}
Compact syntax
{body}
64

Event parameter
> 100% type-safe {(event) => body}

}

65

TableView in ScalaFX
def dateFormat = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd")
new TableView[Speaker](persons) {
columns = Seq(
new TableColumn[Speaker, String] {
text: "Name"
converter = {_.firstName}
} new TableColumn[Speaker, String] {
text: "Age"
converter = {_.age}
text: "Gender"
converter = {_.gender}
text: "Birth"
converter = {dateFormat.format(_.dob)},
}
)}

66

JavaFX With Visage

67

About Project Visage
> “Visage is a domain specific language (DSL) designed for the
express purpose of writing user interfaces.”

> Visage project goals:
 Compile to JavaFX Java APIs
 Evolve the Language (Annotations, Maps, etc.)
 Support Other Toolkits

> Come join the team!
> For more info: http://visage-lang.org/
68

Java vs. Visage DSL
public class VanishingCircles extends Application { var circles:Circle[];
Stage {
public static void main(String[] args) { title: "Vanishing Circles"
Application.launch(args); Scene {
} width: 800
height: 600
@Override fill: BLACK
public void start(Stage primaryStage) { Group {
primaryStage.setTitle("Vanishing Circles"); circles = for (i in [1..50]) {
Group root = new Group(); def c:Circle = Circle {
Scene scene = new Scene(root, 800, 600, Color.BLACK); centerX: random() * 800
List<Circle> circles = new ArrayList<Circle>(); centerY: random() * 600
for (int i = 0; i < 50; i++) { radius: 150
final Circle circle = new Circle(150); fill: color(random(), random(), random(), .2)

40 Lines
35 Lines
effect: BoxBlur {
height: 10
width: 10
iterations: 3

1299 Characters
}
487 Characters
stroke: WHITE
strokeWidth: bind if (c.hover) 5 else 0
onMouseClicked: function(e) {
} Timeline {at (3s) {c.radius => 0}}.play()
}); }
circle.setStroke(Color.WHITE); }
circle.strokeWidthProperty().bind(Bindings.when(circle.hoverProperty()) }
.then(4) }
.otherwise(0)); }
circles.add(circle); }
}
root.getChildren().addAll(circles); Timeline {
primaryStage.setScene(scene); for (circle in circles) at (40s) {
primaryStage.show(); circle.centerX => random() * 800;
circle.centerY => random() * 600
Timeline moveCircles = new Timeline(); }
for (Circle circle : circles) { }.play()
}
moveCircles.play();
}
}

69

How about JavaFX on… Visage
Stage {
title: "Vanishing Circles"
scene: Scene {
width: 800
height: 600
fill: BLACK
content: Group {
circles = for (i in [1..50]) {
Circle {
centerX: random() * 800
centerY: random() * 600
}
}
}
}
}

70

Stage {
scene: Scene {
width: 800
height: 600
fill: BLACK
content: Group {
Circle {
}
}
}
}
}

71

Stage {
Scene {
width: 800
height: 600
fill: BLACK
Group {
Circle {
}
}
}
}
}

72

Visage is JavaFX Script++
> Default Parameters
> New Literal Syntax For:
 Angles – 35deg, 4rad, 1turn
 Colors – #DDCCBB, #AA33AA|CC
 Lengths – 5px, 2pt, 3in, 4sp
> Null-check Dereference
 var width = rect.!width
> Built-in Bindable Maps (coming soon!)
 var fruitMap = ["red" : apple, "yellow" : banana]
 var fruit = bind fruitMap["red"]
73

Visage and JavaFX 2.0 are made for each other…
> Enhanced Binding
 Retains lazy evaluation properties with additional expressive power
> Integrated Collections
 Sequences and Maps automatically convert between JavaFX
Observable Lists/Maps
> Built-in Animation Syntax
 Ties into JavaFX animation subsystem
 Provides consistent, clean APIs

74

Other JVM Languages to Try
> JRuby
 Faithful to Ruby language with the power of the JVM
> Gosu
 Up and coming language created at GuideWire
 Easy to enhance libraries and create DSLs
> Mirah
 Invented by Charles Nutter
 Local Type Inference, Static and Dynamic Typing
> Fantom
 Created by Brian and Andy Frank
 Portable to Java and .NET
 Local Type Inference, Static and Dynamic Typing

75

Conclusion
> You can write JavaFX applications in pure Java
> JavaFX is also usable in alternate languages
> You can get improved support using DSL libraries
 GroovyFX
 ScalaFX
> Or a dedicated UI JVM Language
 Visage

Stephen Chin
stephen.chin@oracle.com
tweet: @steveonjava

Thanks to Dean Iverson and Jonathan Giles for help preparing this talk 77

Hacking JavaFX with Groovy, Clojure, Scala, and Visage

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