Haystack Technology Overview
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The document discusses various Internet of Things (IoT) networking technologies and their capabilities. It introduces DASH7 as an IoT networking standard that aims to provide a better overall IoT stack compared to other technologies. DASH7 claims to be phy agnostic, support dynamic MAC layers, IPv6 compatible networking, a universal filesystem, query-driven sessions, and standardized application support. It also aims to provide ultra low power capabilities, long ranges, low latency, and other features through its technical design and use of technologies like LoRa radios and error correction.
Haystack Technology Overview
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- 2. 2 A Tale Of Two IoT’s • ZigBee has mostly failed and abdicated the segment • BLE succeeding for very short range mobile and fixed use cases • LoRaWAN, NB-IoT serving some wide area fixed use cases • Wide area mobile IoT use cases remain largely untapped • “Embedded” Internet Tech With A History of Success • WiFi & others • Multihopping, Mesh • Wins come from ability of technology to offer great system integration and enterprise-scale features “Embedded” Internet Tech With A History Of Success Currently More Opportunities Than Solutions Battery PoweredMains Powered
- 3. 3 Mains Power Battery Power Mobile Fixed WiFi LoRaWAN NB-IoT ZigBee Cat M-1 BLE DASH7/LoRa N/A Proprietary Protocols SigFox Opportunity: Battery Powered + Mobile Thread
- 4. 4 Lower Layers Application Layer Physical Data Link Networking (M2NP) Transport (M2QP) SessionModule Standard Apps Custom Apps ALP Framework FilesystemModule(M2FS) M2DEF RF UI (opt.) History ‣ Created by Haystack between beginning in 2010 ‣ Grew out of ISO 18000-7, used by US DoD ‣ Several universities build coursework and graduate programs around DASH7. ‣ Main deployments have been in EU Future ‣ DASH7’s query architecture makes it a natural fit for “Big Data” NoSQL systems moving from cloud into IoT. ‣ Due to ultra-low-power requirement, DASH7 gets traction in industrial & commercial apps where cost of changing batteries is a barrier. Introducing DASH7
- 5. 5 Lower Layers Application Layer Physical Data Link Networking (M2NP) Transport (M2QP) SessionModule Standard Apps Custom Apps ALP Framework FilesystemModule(M2FS) M2DEF RF UI (opt.) A modern IoT stack needs: PHY Agnostic: Portable across multiple radios !5 DASH7 Delivers A Better IoT Stack
- 6. 6 Lower Layers Application Layer Physical Data Link Networking (M2NP) Transport (M2QP) SessionModule Standard Apps Custom Apps ALP Framework FilesystemModule(M2FS) M2DEF RF UI (opt.) A modern IoT stack needs: PHY Agnostic: Portable across multiple radios !6 Dynamic MAC: Low-power, low-latency communication requires new MAC-layer technologies DASH7 Delivers A Better IoT Stack
- 7. 7 Lower Layers Application Layer Physical Data Link Networking (M2NP) Transport (M2QP) SessionModule Standard Apps Custom Apps ALP Framework FilesystemModule(M2FS) M2DEF RF UI (opt.) A modern IoT stack needs: PHY Agnostic: Portable across multiple radios !7 Dynamic MAC: Low-power, low-latency communication requires new MAC-layer technologiesIPv6-compatible networking: Addressing, ICMP, UDP, SCTP DASH7 Delivers A Better IoT Stack
- 8. 8 Lower Layers Application Layer Physical Data Link Networking (M2NP) Transport (M2QP) SessionModule Standard Apps Custom Apps ALP Framework FilesystemModule(M2FS) M2DEF RF UI (opt.) A modern IoT stack needs: PHY Agnostic: Portable across multiple radios !8 Dynamic MAC: Low-power, low-latency communication requires new MAC-layer technologiesIPv6-compatible networking: Addressing, ICMP, UDP, SCTP Universal Filesystem: Data interoperability and interlayer glue DASH7 Delivers A Better IoT Stack
- 9. 9 Lower Layers Application Layer Physical Data Link Networking (M2NP) Transport (M2QP) SessionModule Standard Apps Custom Apps ALP Framework FilesystemModule(M2FS) M2DEF RF UI (opt.) A modern IoT stack needs: PHY Agnostic: Portable across multiple radios !9 Dynamic MAC: Low-power, low-latency communication requires new MAC-layer technologiesIPv6-compatible networking: Addressing, ICMP, UDP, SCTP Universal Filesystem: Data interoperability and interlayer glue Query-driven Sessions: Minimizing handshaking comms is key for improving network density DASH7 Delivers A Better IoT Stack
- 10. 10 Lower Layers Application Layer Physical Data Link Networking (M2NP) Transport (M2QP) SessionModule Standard Apps Custom Apps ALP Framework FilesystemModule(M2FS) M2DEF RF UI (opt.) A modern IoT stack needs: PHY Agnostic: Portable across multiple radios !10 Dynamic MAC: Low-power, low-latency communication requires new MAC-layer technologiesIPv6-compatible networking: Addressing, ICMP, UDP, SCTP Universal Filesystem: Data interoperability and interlayer glue Query-driven Sessions: Minimizing handshaking comms is key for improving network density Standardized Application Support: NFC-NDEF and UDP Apps DASH7 Delivers A Better IoT Stack
- 11. 11 DASH7 Features ‣ Fully bi-directional ‣ Radio agnostic ‣ Ultra-low power (years on coin cell) ‣ Listen-before-talk endpoints ‣ Low latency (<2 sec.) queries ‣ Broadcast, multicast messaging ‣ Two-way error correction ‣ A-GPS, GPS support ‣ Indoor location via RSSI, TDOA, others ‣ Smart Contract Support at Endpoint ‣ AES 128 private- and pubic-key crypto ‣ OTA firmware updates, key refreshes Technical Features OSI Layer 7 Application UDP + OIC + NDEF + iOS, etc. 6 Presentation DASH7 Core low power low latency low cost 5 Session 4 Transport 3 Network 2 Data Link 1 Physical (Radio) LoRa, Other Options
- 12. 12 Feature Comparison ‣ Fully bi-directional ‣ Radio agnostic ‣ Ultra-low power (years on coin cell) ‣ Listen-before-talk endpoints ‣ Low latency (<2 sec.) queries ‣ Broadcast, multicast, P2P messaging ‣ Two-way error correction ‣ A-GPS, GPS support ‣ Indoor location via RSSI, TDOA, others ‣ AES 128 private- and pubic-key crypto ‣ OTA firmware updates, key refreshes Technical Features Yes No Yes Yes No No Yes Limited No Yes No No Yes No Yes Yes No No Yes No Yes Yes No Yes - 7 day batt. life Yes Limited No Yes Private only Yes Yes No Yes NB-IoT
- 13. DASH7’s Unfair Competitive Advantage DASH7 Advertising Packets Gateway transmits bursts of advertising packets that include a query as well as instructions for how and when to respond. This results in: - Very low endpoint power consumption - Very low latency responses between devices - A method for quickly synchronizing large grounds of endpoints
- 14. Low Power, Low Latency Queries via Advertising & Sync ETA 500 Info 0 ETA 1 Info 0 ETA 0 Info 0 Foreground RequestBackground AdvertisingBackground AdvertisingBackground Advertising Host A sends a stream of special “background frames” containing Advertising Protocol Data. The data includes the time when the next request will occur (e.g. 500 ms). Host A sends synchronized request at planned time 1 2 3
- 15. Low Power, Low Latency Queries via Advertising & Sync ETA 500 Info 0 ETA 1 Info 0 ETA 0 Info 0 Foreground RequestBackground AdvertisingBackground AdvertisingBackground Advertising Host A sends a stream of special “background frames” containing Advertising Protocol Data. The data includes the time when the next request will occur (e.g. 500 ms). Host A sends synchronized request at planned time 1 2 3 Any number of endpoints can listen for advertising. 1. Briefly sample the channel for any activity. 2. Check for signs that it’s a background frame (part of design). 3. Receive the background frame. All endpoints can receive request, all can send responses, all are now synced to each other.
- 16. Lowest Power Bi-Directional LPWAN Stack 16 0 - 1 µW 1 - 10 µW 10 - 100 µW 0.1 - 1 mW 1 - 10 mW 10 - 100 mW 0.1 - 1 W 1 - 10 W 10 - 100 W DASH7 Endpoint DASH7 Repeater LoRaWAN Class B LoRaWAN Class C Bluetooth Slave BLE Slave* Bluetooth Master Running iMac Running laptop Running 4G Baseband Consumer WiFi AP Running GPS chip Upper limit for energy harvesting Upper limit for Multiyear battery Li-Thionyl self-discharge Background RF energy LoRaWAN Class A* LoRaWAN Gateway DASH7 Gateway Raspberry Pi w/ WiFi *Uplink only
- 17. 17 DASH7 Range: Haystack Does It Best Haystack delivers the longest possible range for future Bird battery-powered LoRa devices LoRa Physical Layer DASH7 LAN Mode DASH7 XR Mode Haystack Error Correction + ++ 1 2 3 4
- 18. 18 1. Physical Layer: Semtech LoRa 1. Popular low power, wide area networking radio from Semtech 2. Multi-year battery life, multi-kilometer range 3. Operates in unlicensed spectrum (915 MHz in USA) 4. Low cost ($3 in volume) 5. Modules available from Murata, Microchip, ST Micro, Others For more information on LoRa: https://www.semtech.com/lora/
- 19. 19 2. DASH7 LAN Mode: Full Feature Set LAN Mode Average Suburban, Ground-level Range*: 0.25 miles •Fully Bi-directional DASH7 Protocol for LoRa •Multi-year Battery Life •Listen-before-talk Endpoints •Real-time Geolocation, including GPS/A-GPS •Real-time Queries, Commands to Endpoints •Peer-to-peer, multicast addressing options •OTA Key Refresh, Firmware Updates •Configurable Bandwidth, Data Rates *Ground level = 3-4 feet
- 20. 20 3. DASH7 XR Mode: Limited Feature Set XR Mode Average Suburban, Ground-level Range: .64 miles+
- 21. 21 XR Mode Average Suburban, Ground-level Range: .64 miles+ • Extended range via smaller packets, lower bitrates • Limited DASH7 feature set • Two-way comms, including error correction, commands • GPS-based location (30-day A-GPS preload while in LAN mode) • Multi-year Battery Life • Beacon-based endpoint operation • No Broadcast, OTA Key Refresh, Firmware Updates • Endpoint exits LAN mode and automatically invokes XR mode 3. DASH7 XR Mode: Limited Feature Set
- 22. 22 4. Haystack Advanced Error Correction • High-performance forward error correction • Heavily utilized in cellular (3G, 4G) and other wide area wireless networks including NASA space probes • Leverages LDPC and other techniques • Relatively low complexity algorithms allow for low power encoding and decoding • Haystack Guaranteed Messaging allows for intelligent re-transmit of messaging. Transmit continues until a) packet is corrected, b) time-out is reached, or c) Shannon limit reached.
- 23. Key Takeaways Re: Power, Range Haystack offers superior range to LoRaWAN due to: • LDPC error correction • Fewer collisions, especially in dense endpoint environments • Fewer dropped packets • Dynamically configurable data rates, message sizes, other attributes Haystack offers superior battery life to LoRaWAN due to: • Listen-before-talk endpoints • Fully bi-directional comms including message acknowledgement • Dynamically configurable endpoint power profile • Multicast-based A-GPS for outdoor location use cases • Query-based geolocation vs. beacon-based geolocation • “Downlink” based RSSI- and TDOA-based geolocation/trilateration • Geofencing capability using advertising packets to trigger endpoint response
- 24. 24!24 Gateway Haystack Enables Low Power, Non-Cellular P2P Connections Peer-to-peer comms over Haystack/LoRa
- 25. 25 Or Multicast Queries or Commands In High- Density Endpoint Environments !25 Bird Network Operating Center Gateway
- 26. 26 Haystack Supports Low Power GPS … Assisted GPS Server Multicasted A-GPS Orbital Information !26 • A-GPS provides “hot start” location acquisition - like a GPS cheat sheet - to endpoint, minimizing power draw • Gateway multicasts A-GPS datagrams to nearby endpoints • Location acquisition time usually ~2-3 seconds with ~3 meter accuracy Gateway
- 27. 27 Indoor Location Options with Haystack
- 28. 28 AP 1. Access point keeps network synchronized, and gets vertex data from users in the area Endpoint 2. Endpoints are mobile, battery- powered devices 3. Small battery or USB- powered “reference nodes” are placed on fixed things & places
- 29. 29 AP Today, no LPWAN or NB-IoT technology offers a high-precision, real time, indoor location capability on its own. But Haystack does this. Endpoint Using RSSI & RF “fingerprinting” with scattered reference nodes: ±1m location precision has been observed
- 30. 30 AP Alternatively, “nearest neighbor” location provides the RSSI value of the closest fixed reference tag to the mobile endpoint, minimizing systems integration and setup costs when room-level (or better) location precision is acceptable.
- 31. 31 Our Technology ‣ Fully bi-directional ‣ Radio agnostic ‣ Ultra-low power (years on coin cell) ‣ Listen-before-talk endpoints ‣ Low latency (<2 sec.) queries ‣ Broadcast, multicast, P2P messaging ‣ Two-way error correction ‣ A-GPS, GPS support ‣ Indoor location via RSSI, TDOA, others ‣ Smart Contract Support at Endpoint ‣ AES 128 private- and pubic-key crypto ‣ OTA firmware updates, key refreshes Technical Features Yes No Yes No Yes Limited Yes No Yes No Yes No Yes No Yes No Yes Limited Yes No Yes Private only Yes No