LPWAN London Meetup: Solving Urban Challenges
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The document outlines the capabilities and architecture of LoRaWAN, a low power wide area network specification designed for wireless devices in various applications. It emphasizes the advantages of LoRa modulation, such as improved receiver sensitivity and the ability to process multiple signals simultaneously, as well as adaptive data rate management to optimize performance and battery life. Additionally, it discusses the role of LoRaBox in data collection, processing, and real-time analytics within the IoT framework.
LPWAN London Meetup: Solving Urban Challenges
- 1. Large Scale LPWAN Solving Urban Challenges Mo Haghighi Research Scientist Intel mo.haghighi@intel.com
- 2. LoRa LoRaWAN™ is a Low Power Wide Area Network (LPWAN) specification intended for wireless battery operated Things in regional, national or global network. LoRaWAN target key requirements of internet of things such as secure bi-directional communication, mobility and localization services.
- 3. LoRa The modulation is based on spread-spectrum techniques and a variation of chirp spread spectrum (CSS) with integrated forward error correction (FEC). LoRa significantly improves the receiver sensitivity and as with other spread-spectrum modulation techniques uses the entire channel bandwidth to broadcast a signal, making it robust to channel noise and insensitive to frequency offsets caused from the use of low cost crystals.
- 4. LoRa A powerful feature of LoRa is the ability to demodulate several “orthogonal” or simultaneous signals at the same frequency, assuming they have different chirp rates. LoRa chirp rates are called “spreading factors,” with higher spreading factors denoting slower chirps.
- 5. LoRa orthogonality is detecting multiple data streams in the same channel and at the same time. This is a feature of a coded channel, and it offers a solution for getting back good spectral efficiency for wider band systems. Because coded signals are spread across a larger swath of spectrum, those signals take up more frequency real estate. Narrowband signals, however, can pack quite a bit of traffic into that same bandwidth. If there are multiple coded streams simultaneously on the air, you buy back some (though usually not all) of the spectral efficiency you give up with coding.
- 6. LoRaWAN allows for varying speeds: the spreading factor (SF). Devices with a low spreading factor have higher data rates and use less airtime, but on shorter range. Despite slowing down transmission rate, a higher spread factor will ensure the packets are received over a greater distance.
- 7. Mode BW (KHz) CR SF Transmission Time (ms) Sensitivity (dB) 1 125 4/5 12 4245 -134 2 250 4/5 12 2193 -131 3 125 4/5 10 1208 -129 4 500 4/5 12 1167 -128 5 250 4/5 10 674 -126 6 500 4/5 11 715 -125.5 7 250 4/5 9 428 -123 8 500 4/5 9 284 -120 9 500 4/5 8 220 -117 10 500 4/5 7 186 -114 sending/receiving a 100-byte packet
- 8. LoRa Adaptive Data Rate is a method where the actual data rate is adjusted to ensure reliable packet delivery, optimal network performance, and scale for capacity. For example, nodes close to the gateway will use a higher data rate (shorter time on air) and a lower output power. Only nodes that are at the very edge of the link budget will use the lowest data rate and highest output power. The ADR method can accommodate changes in the network infrastructure and support varying path loss. To maximize both battery life of end- devices and overall network capacity, the LoRa network infrastructure manages the data rate and RF output for each end-device individually by implementing ADR. ADR
- 10. Water Quality •pH •Oxygen •Turbidity •Conductivity •ORP •Height Micro-Climate • Temperature • Humidity • Solar Irradiance • Air pressure
- 12. LoRaBOX Edge Analytics LoRaBox has been developed to collect radio signals such as BLE and LoRa beacons from the sensor devices in the field, process their sensory readings, and forward the aggregated data to cloud services. It can also act as a multi-functional gateway for testing LoRa network. “Edge processing and decentralized data aggregation is one of the top requirements for modern LPWAN IoT”
- 13. End-to-end Intel technology Enable IoT Rest APIs for live data Local LPWAN between sensors and LoRaBox for real-time edge processing LoRa Box
- 14. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 11 10 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 27 21 22 23 25 29 28 26 24 30 1 6 11 16 21 26 2 7 12 17 22 27 3 8 13 18 23 28 4 9 14 19 24 29 5 10 15 20 25 30 RSSI SNR -113 -11.7 -113 -11.1 -113 -10.2 NS -108 -11.8 RSSI SNR -109 -9.0 -114 -11.5 -113 -11.8 -103 -11.9 -98 -11.9 RSSI SNR -113 -12 NS -102 -1.8 -112 -1.5 -109 -1.5 RSSI SNR NS -100 -2.3 -101 -2.0 -105 -11.8 -108 -11.2 RSSI SNR -113 -11.1 -112 -11.5 NS NS -115 -11.2 CH 5 SF 12 BW 125 KHz CR 4/5 Tx Power 14 20 Mapping Radio Coverage
- 15. LoRaWAN LoRaWAN is a server-side implementation of a multiple access protocol designed to minimize collisions with a large number of endpoints. It requires a server application to run the MAC functions over a network connection. LoRaWAN network architecture is typically laid out in a star-of-stars topology in which gateways are a transparent bridge relaying messages between end-devices and a central network server in the backend.
- 17. P2P/LoRaWAN Network Wide Programming • Re-programming the network • Pushing configurations • Opportunistic data collection
- 18. P2P/LoRaWAN Adaptive Data Rate/Radio • Data rate vs RF output • Link Budget analysis • Munising Packet loss • Maximize Capacity
- 19. Network Optimization Applying various algorithmic techniques on a network of LoRa devices for measuring and improving the following dynamics by conducting a like-for-like comparison between the data received via LoRa and Wi-Fi. • Latency • Throughput • Energy • Data rate • Signal Strength • Packet Error Rate
- 20. Network Optimization Ø Game Theory. Allowing nodes to choose their radio parameters independently for maximum efficiency Ø Matching Theory. Enabling nodes maintain a certain level of functionality according to other nodes Ø Utility-based. Forming competitive scenarios for improving the performance of the nodes and the receivers. ü Spreading Factor ü Coding Rate ü Channel ü Bandwidth
- 21. Thank You!