Hello Java-First Level

HELLO JAVA!
Raaid Alubady L
E
V
E
L
Celebrate IEEE Day with Coding Java

Beginning in Java
o Beginning in Java
o Components of Java Programming
o Java Variable and Data Type
Components and Control Tools
o 2.1. Data input
o 2.2. Data output
o 2.3. Condition statements
o 2.4. Loop statements
Array and Methods
Hello
Java
Hello
Java
Hello
Java

Beginning in Java
• Sun Microsystem (by James Gosling) began developing Java
behind closed door in 1991. It wasn't reveal to the public until
1995.
• The original name of Java was intended to be "OAK", Other
names floating around were "Silk" and "DNA".
• Java is a programming language expressly designed for use in
the distributed environment of the Internet. It was designed to
have the "look and feel" of the C++ language, but it is simpler to
use than C++ and enforces an object-oriented. Java can be used
to create complete applications that may run on a single
computer or be distributed among servers and clients in a
network. It can also be used to build a small application module
or applet for use as part of a Web page.
Hello
Java !

Beginning in Java
Characteristics of Java
• Easy to learn
• Platform independent (not access directly system resources)
• Object-orientated programming language
• Interpreted and compiled language (source code… byte-code)
• Automatic memory management
Hello
Java !
Java IDE Tools
• Inprise JBuilder
• Microsoft Visual J++
• Symantec Café
• Forte by Sun MicroSystems
• IBM Visual Age for Java
• Eclipse
• NetBeans 6.0 (free, open-source IDE, runs
on Windows, Linux, Solaris, and the MacOS)
• JCreator LE 4.0 (free) by Xinox Software

Beginning in Java
Why Program in Java?
Hello
Java !

Beginning in Java
Ready to learn JAVA.
If so, switch on your laptop.
Next , open Eclipse...
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Java !

Beginning in Java
 Three editions of Java API
 Java SE: A Standard Edition targeted at developing console,
desktop client, and server applications.
 Java EE: An Enterprise Edition targeted at developing large-
scale industry enterprise applications.
 Java ME: A Micro Edition targeted at developing mobile,
hand-held device applications.
Hello
Java !
Java API, JDK and IDE
 Contains predefined classes and interfaces for
developing Java programs.
API
(Application Programming Interface)

Beginning in Java
Hello
Java !
Java API, JDK and IDE
JDK
(Java Development Kit)
A set of programs for developing and testing Java
program, each of which is invoked from a command
line.
(Integrated Development Environment)
Software that provides integrated development
environment (editing, compiling, building, debugging
and online help) for rapidly developing Java program
IDE

Beginning in Java
Create the first project1
2
3
4
Hello
Java !

Beginning in Java
Create the first project
5
6
Hello
Java !

Beginning in Java
7
8
9
Hello
Java !

Beginning in Java
10
Hello
Java !

Beginning in Java
First Example: Hello class with Java
Hello
Java !

Beginning in Java
Components of Java Programming
 Comments.(to illustrate the programs steps and comments)
 Project. (it using to include one or more package in one project)
 Package. (it using to include one or more class in one package)
 Class.(at least one in one project)
 Main Method.(at least one in one project and its use for project
execution)
 Other methods. (the main class might be included many
methods)
 Blocks.(codes must be organize)
 Reserved Keyword. (such as private, String, extends, class,
and so on)
 Instructions.(language format)
 Access specify. (like public, private, protected)
Hello
Java !

Beginning in Java
Java Variable and Data Type
• Local variable.
declared within a
method in a class.
• Instance variable.
declared within a class
but outside any method.
• Static variable.
declared within a class
as static.
Declaring variable: <<datatype>> <<variableName>>;
Example: int count; double radius; double total;
Or double radius, total;
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Java !

Beginning in Java
Note2: In Java, the equal sign (=) is used as the assignment operator.
Note1: The Java syntax is similar to C++. Java is case sensitive,
e.g. the variables myValue and myvalue will be treated as different
variables.
Note3: The name of a variable can be made of one letter (a, b, c, d,
e, f, g, h, i, j, k, l, m, n, o, p, q, r, s, t, u, v, w, x, y, z,A ,B, C, D, E, F, G,
H, I, J, K, L, M, N, O, P, Q, R, S, T, U, V, W, X, Y, or Z) .
Note4: The name of a variable can start with a letter, an underscore
"_", or the dollar sign $.
Note5: After the first character, the name of the variable can include
letters, digits (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, or 9), or underscores in any
combination
Hello
Java !

Beginning in Java
Note6: The name of a variable cannot be one of the words that the
Java languages has reserved for its own use.
abstract assert boolean break byte
case catch char class const
continue default do double else
enum extends final finally float
for goto if implements Import
intanceof int interface long native
new package private protected public
return short static strictfp super
switch synchronized this throw throws
transient try void volatile while
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Java !

Beginning in Java
Visibility
Default
(friendly)
public protected Private
From the same class Yes Yes Yes Yes
From any class in the
same package
Yes Yes No No
From any class outside
the package
No Yes No No
From a subclass in the
same package
Yes Yes Yes No
From a subclass outside
the same package
No Yes Yes No
Instance variables access specification
Note7: this table is same when instance methods and inner class access
specify.
Hello
Java !
Hello
Java!

Java Data Input and out put
Input by Console Scanner
import java.util.Scanner;
public class Read_Scanner {
public static void main( String [ ] args )
{
Scanner in = new Scanner( System.in );
System.out.print( in.nextLine() );
} // end of main method
} // end of main class
Output by System.out
• In Java we can use Scanner class.
• First step, declare a Scanner object.
Scanner scan = new Scanner (System.in)
• System.in is a object represents the standard input
stream, which by default is the keyboard.
• The object scan reads the input in many ways:
scan.nextInt()
scan.nextDouble()
scan.nextFloat()
scan.next()
scan.nextLine()
• java.util.Scanner class library should be imported in
order to used this object.
import java.util.Scanner
public static void main( String [ ] args )
{
int x=9, y=8, z;
z=x+y;
System.out.print (x);
System.out.print (y);
System.out.print (z);
System.out.println ();
System.out.println(x);
System.out.println(y);
System.out.println(z);
System.out.println("the result= "+ z);
// end of main method
} // end of main class
System.out.print( ); without new line
Or
System.out.println( ); with new line
9817
9
8
17
The result = 17
Hello
Java!
Output

Java Data Input and out put
public class test {
/*
* This program is basic calculator
*/
public static void main(String[] args) {
//
double elmFirst, elmSecond, elmSum;
System.out.print("Enter the First element ");
elmFirst = in.nextDouble();
System.out.print("Enter the Second element ");
elmSecond = in.nextDouble();
elmSum = elmFirst + elmSecond;
System.out.println("The answer is " + elmSum);
}
}
Enter the First element 3.6
Enter the Second element 9.23
The answer is 12.83
Hello
Java!
Output

Condition Stracture
 The if selection structure (single or multiple selection structure)
 Conditional operator ?: (ternary conditional)
 The switch selection structure (multiple-selection structure)
if, if/else, instance if Statement
Syntax: if (condition(s)) { statement or block of statements }
Or : if (condition(s)) { statement or block of statements }
else { statement or block of statements }
The condition is a Boolean comparison that can use one of the binary
operators:
== , != , > , < , >= , <=
In addition to the Boolean operators && (AND), || (OR), and ! (NOT). Of
course combinations can occur using brackets ( )
Hello
Java!

if, if/else, nistens if Statement
Example:
if (x !== y);
System.out.println (“Not Equal”);
Example:
if (studentGrade >= 60)
System.out.println (“Passed”);
else System.out.println (“Failed”);
Example:
if (totalSum<50) {
// no discount
System.out.println (“No discount”);
System.out.println (“Payment is ”+totalSum);
}
else { //10% discount
totalSum=totalSum-(totalSum*0.1);
System.out.println (“Payment with discount is ”+totalSum);
}
Example:
if (x>5) {
if (y>5)
System.out.println(“x and y are > 5”);
}
else System.out.println(“x is <=5”);
}
Hello
Java!

Conditional operator
Syntax: (condition (s) ? statement1 : statement2
Example:
System.out.println (studentGrade >= 60 ? “Passed” : “Failed”);
public class test {
public static void main(String[ ] args) {
// test Conditional operator
int mark;
System.out.print("Enter the mark ");
mark = in.nextInt();
mark= mark >= 50 ? mark+10 : mark-5;
System.out.println("The answer is " + mark);
}
}
Example
Hello
Java!

Switch selection structure
Syntax: switch (variable) {
case value_1 : { statement or block of statements; break; }
............................................................................................
............................................................................................
case value_n : { statement or block of statements; break; }
default : { statement or block of statements; } }
Example
i = in.nextInt();
switch (i) {
case 1: { System.out.println (“Read”); break;}
case 2: {System.out.println (“Blue”); break; }
case 3: { System.out.println(“Black”); }
System.out.println(“Unknown”);default:
//end of switch}
Hello
Java!

Exercise4: Write a program called PrintNumberInWord which prints "ONE",
"TWO",... , "NINE", "OTHER" if the int variable "number" is 1, 2,... , 9, or other,
respectively.
Use (a) a "nested-if" statement;
(b) a "switch-case" statement.
Exercise1: Write a program in Java to find out if a number is prime in Java? (input
7: output true , input 9 : output false). A number is called prime if it is divisible by
either itself or 1.
Exercise2: Write Java program to check if a number is palindrome in Java? ( 121 is
palindrome, 321 is not). A number is called a palindrome if number is equal to
reverse of number e.g. 121 is palindrome because reverse of 121 is 121 itself.
Exercise3: Write a program in Java to check if a number is even or odd in
Java? (input 2 output true, input 3 : output false). A number is called even if it is
completely divisible by two and odd if it’s not completely divisible by two. For
example number 4 is even number because when you do 4/2 , remainder is 0 which
means 4 is completely divisible by 2. On the other hand 5 is odd number because
5/2 will result in remainder as 1
Hello
Java!

Loop Statements
 for loops
 while loops
 do/while loops
for loops
Syntax: for ( initializations; condition(s); increment/ decrement ) {
statement or block of statements ;
}
Example
for (int i=0 ; i<10 ; i++) {
System.out.println ("the value I is" + i);
}
Hello
Java!

public class test {
/*
* This program is test for statement
*/
for(int i=1;i<=10;i++){
if ((i%2)==0)
System.out.println("The i " + i + " is event");
else
System.out.println("The i " + i + " is odd");
} //end for
} //end main
} //end class
int i;
for(i=1;i<=10;i++);
System.out.println("the result : "+ i);
} //end main
Hello
Java!

public class test {
/*
* This program is test for statement
*/
int i; int ii; int sum;
for(i=0;i<10;i++){
sum=0;
for(ii=i;ii<10;ii++){
sum+=ii;
} // end second for
System.out.println("the result : "+ sum);
} // end first for
} //end main
} //end class
Exercise5: Write a program called SumAndAverage to produce the sum of 1, 2, 3, ...,
to 100. Also compute and display the average. The output shall look like:
The sum is 5050
The average is 50.5
The sum is 5050 The average is 50.5Hello
Java!

while structure
Syntax: while ( condition(s) ) {
}
Example:
int numberCount = 1; // this step very important
while (numberCount<=10) {
System.out.println (numberCount);
numberCount++;
}
public class test {
//This program is test while
int numberCount;
numberCount = in.nextInt();
while (numberCount==10) {
numberCount++;
}// end while
System.out.println("The answer is " + numberCount);
} }
Hello
Java!

do / while structure
Syntax: do {
} while ( condition(s) ) ;
Example:
int numberCount = 10;
do {
numberCount--;
} while (numberCount>0);
Exercise6: Modify the program to use a "while-do" loop instead of "for" loop.
Exercise7: Modify the program to use a "do-while" loop.
Exercise8: What is the difference between "for" and "while-do" loops? What is the
difference between "while-do" and "do-while" loops?
Exercise9: Write a program called Fibonacci to display the first 20 Fibonacci numbers
F(n), where F(n)=F(n–1)+F(n–2) and F(1)=F(2)=1. Also compute their average. The
output shall look like:
The first 20 Fibonacci numbers are:
1 1 2 3 5 8 13 21 34 55 89 144 233 377 610 987 1597 2584 4181 6765
The average is 338
Hello
Java!

Array and Methods
Java Arrays
Array is the most important thing in any programming language. By
definition, array is the static memory allocation. It allocates the memory for
the same data type in sequence.
Example
int [ ] num;
num = new int [6];
or we can also :
int [ ]num = new int [6];
or like this int num[ ] = new int [6];
Declaration of an array
Syntax: DataType[ ] ArrayRefVar=new DataType[array size];
Should be the same
There are two type of array
i. Single-dimensional
ii. Two-dimensional
Single-dimensional
Hello
Java !

Array and Methods
Some times user declares an array and it's size simultaneously. You
may or may not be define the size in the declaration time. such as:
int arraytest[] = {50,20,45,82,25,63};
int arraytest[] = {50,20,45,82,25,63};
After that when implement this, arraytest = new int [6]; that’s mean
arraytest[o] arraytest[1] arraytest[2] arraytest[3] arraytest[4] arraytest[5]
arraytest.length = 6
arraytest
null
arraytest
When we declare the definition of array like that int [ ] arraytest;
this will be in memory like below :-
Hello
Java !

Array and Methods
Hello
Java !
public class test {
/*
* This program using to find the repeated max integer
*/
int numberCount;
final int num=6; // final means const in another language
int[ ] numbers=new int [num];
// Input data section
for(int i=0;i<numbers.length;i++) {
System.out.print("Enter the elment ");
numbers[i] = in.nextInt();
} //end for
//Processing 1 section
int max=numbers[0];
for (int i=0;i<numbers.length;i++) {
if (max<numbers[i])
max=numbers[i];
} //end for
//Processing 2 section
int count=0;
for (int i=0;i<numbers.length;i++) {
if (numbers[i]==max)
count++;
} // end for
//Output data section
System.out.print("the array data are :" );
for(int i=0;i<numbers.length;i++)
System.out.print(numbers[i] + " "); //output all array data
System.out.println("n the largest number is " +max); // output the max
System.out.println("the occurrence count of the largest number is " +count); // output the
freguncy of max
}
}
Enter the elment 4
Enter the elment 8
Enter the elment 0
Enter the elment 9
Enter the elment 3
Enter the elment 9
the array data are :4 8 0 9 3 9
the largest number is 9
the occurrence count of the largest number is 2
Output

Array and Methods
Hello
Java !
Example
int [ ][ ] num;
num = new int [6][6];
or we can also :
int [ ][ ]num = new int [6][6];
and also we can write
int num[ ][ ] = new int [6][6];
Two Dimensional Array
Declaration :
Syntax: DataType[ ][ ] ArrayRefVar=new DataType[sizeofrow][sizeofcolumn]
Exercise10: Write program to sort an integer array? arrayElm[5].
Exercise11: Write program to sort an integer two dimensional array? arrayElm[5][5].

Array and Methods
Hello
Java !
Java Methods
In programming, experience has shown that the best way to develop and
maintain a large program is to construct it from small, simple pieces or
modules. This technique is called divide and conquer. Modules in Java are
called methods and classes. Many methods and classes are already available
“prepackaged” in the Java API (Java Class Library).
One of the important classes in Java is the Math class that has many
methods allowing the programmer to perform certain common mathematical
calculations. The Math class is part of the java.lang.Math package, which is
automatically imported by the compiler.
Example:
System.out.println (Math.sqrt(900.0));
System.out.println (Math.sin (0.0));
For more details and methods visit the website:
https://docs.oracle.com/javase/7/docs/api/java/lang/Math.html

Array and Methods
Hello
Java !
Java Methods
Main method Users-defined methods
Java library methods
• Any method in java contain two part: method header and method body
[< method_specify>] <return_type> <method_name> ([< formal parameters >])
{
// method body (declarations and statements)
}
Note : the bracket [ ], means inside it optional.
Important notes:
• If the return type is void then the return statements inside the method
should return nothing.
• Don’t put a semicolon after the first line of the method definition.
• Each variable in the parameter list should have a type.
• A method cannot be defined inside another method.
Constructor methods

Array and Methods
Hello
Java !
public double maximum (double x, double) {
if (x>y) return x;
return y;
}
Main method
Declaration:
public static void main(String[ ] args)
{
// method body (declarations and statements)
}
Users-defined method
Java library method
Math.max ( x, Math.max ( y, z));
Constructors method
public class A{
public A( ) { }
public A(int m){
……..
}

Array and Methods
Hello
Java !
Methods in the same class
public class A{
public static void main(String[ ] arg){
……
}
public static int max(int a, int y){
…….
}
public static boolean check(boolean a){
……
}
……..
…….
…….
…….
} end class A
Methods in the different class
public class A{
public static void main(String[ ] arg){
……
}
public static int max(int a, int y){
…….
}
} // end class A
public class B{
public boolean check(boolean a){
……
}
public double sum(double[ ] arr){
…….
}
} //end class B

Array and Methods
Hello
Java !
• Value-returning methods: have return type
o Return a value of a specific data type using return statement;
o The returned value can be used in one of the following scenarios:
 Save the value for further calculation
Example : int out;
out=max(a , b);
 Using the value in some calculation
Example : out=max(a , b)/2;
 Print the value
Example : System.out.print(max(a , b));
Users-defined method
Value-returning methods Void methods
• Void methods: do not have return type (i.e. return 0;)
o Do not use a return statement to return a value

Array and Methods
Hello
Java !
Invoking method:
method_name([Actual parameters without data type]);
Example:
int data[ ] = (55,72,35,19,74};
sum(data);
public class Methods{
public static void DisplayMyInfo ( ) {
System.out.print("My name is Mhamad Harmush n");
System.out.print("I made harmash.com when i was 20 years old n");
System.out.print("I love programming n");
}
public static void main (String[] args) {
DisplayMyInfo();
}
}

Array and Methods
Hello
Java !
public class test {
// This program using to find the factorial to any number
int elm;
System.out.print("Enter the number ");
elm = in.nextInt();
System.out.print(fact(elm)); // call method
} // end main method
public static int fact(int dat){
int result=1;
for(int i=dat; i>0; i--)
result*=i;
return result;
} // end fact method
}
Enter the number 5
120
Output

Array and Methods
Hello
Java !
public class test {
// This program using to find the factorial to any number
int elm;
System.out.print("Enter the number ");
elm = in.nextInt();
fact(elm); // call method
public static void fact(int dat){
int result=1;
for(int i=dat; i>0; i--)
result*=i;
System.out.print(result);
} // end fact method
}
Enter the number 5
120
Output

Array and Methods
Hello
Java !
import java.lang.Math;
public class test {
/*
* to demonstrate the all concept above
*/
String circleArray[]={"Red", "Yellow", "Black", "White"};
double radius1, radius2;
for(int i = 0; i< circleArray.length; i++) {
radius1=0; radius2=0;
System.out.print("Enter the radius1 for Circle "+ circleArray[i] +": ");
radius1 = in.nextDouble();
System.out.print("Enter the radius2 for Circle "+ circleArray[i] +": ");
Scanner inn = new Scanner( System.in );
radius2 = inn.nextDouble();
if ((radius1 <= 0.0)|| (radius2 <= 0.0))
ExceptionError(); // Invoking void method

Array and Methods
Hello
Java !
else {
double radius=Math.max(radius1, radius2); // Invoking Java library
method
System.out.println("The area for Circle "+ circleArray[i] +" is: " +
radius);
// Invoking Users-defined methods
getArea(radius));
getDiameter(radius));
getCircumference(radius));
} // end else
} // end for
// Declaration users - Value return methods
public static double getArea(double radius){
return Math.PI * radius * radius;
} // end method

Array and Methods
Hello
Java !
public static double getDiameter(double radius){
return radius * 2;
} // end method
public static double getCircumference(double radius){
return Math.PI * radius * 2;
} // end method
// Declaration users - Void methods
public static void ExceptionError(){
System.out.println("The radius is not except");
} // end method
} //end class
Enter the radius1 for Circle Red: 3.7
Enter the radius2 for Circle Red: 6.2
The area for Circle Red is: 6.2
Enter the radius1 for Circle Yellow: 5
Enter the radius2 for Circle Yellow: 4.1
The area for Circle Yellow is: 5.0
Enter the radius1 for Circle Black: 5.8
Output

Array and Methods
Hello
Java !
Enter the radius2 for Circle Black: 4.3
The area for Circle Black is: 5.8
Enter the radius1 for Circle White: 1.9
Enter the radius2 for Circle White: 1.8
The area for Circle White is: 1.9
public class test {
/*
* to demonstrate the all concept above
*/
int val=0;
int data[][]={{4, 16, 2, 8, 3},
{9, 5, 11, 2, 25},
{2, 3, 14, 7, 0},
{21, 15, 3, 6, 23},
{19, 8, 23, 7, 21}};

Array and Methods
Hello
Java !
do{
System.out.println("Array Operations");
System.out.println("---------------------------------");
System.out.println("1- Print Main Diagonal");
System.out.println("2- Print Secondary Diagonal");
System.out.println("3- Print Upper Triangle");
System.out.println("4- Print Lower Triangle");
System.out.println("5- Return the Avarage ");
System.out.println("6- Return the First Odd Data ");
System.out.println("7- Return the Least Even Data ");
System.out.println("8- Print the Array ");
System.out.println("0- Exit ");
System.out.println("----------------------------------");
System.out.print("Enter your choice ");
val=in.nextInt();
switch (val){
case 1: { mainDiagonal(data); break;}
case 2: { secondaryDiagonal(data); break; }
case 3: { upperTriangle(data); break;}
case 4: { lowerTriangle(data); break; }
case 5: { float result=arrayAvarge(data);
System.out.println(result); break; }

Array and Methods
Hello
Java !
case 6: { int result=firstOddData(data);
System.out.println(result); break;}
case 7: { int result=leastEvenData(data);
System.out.println(result); break;}
case 8: { print(data); break; }
default: System.out.println(" Exit");
}
}while (val != 0);
}// end main method
public static void mainDiagonal(int data[][]){
for(int i=0; i<5; i++)
for(int j=0; j<5; j++)
if (i == j)
System.out.print(" " + data[i][j]);
System.out.println();
}
public static void secondaryDiagonal(int data[][]){

Array and Methods
Hello
Java !
if (i+j == 4)
}
public static void upperTriangle(int data[][]){
if (i<j)
}
public static void lowerTriangle(int data[][]){
if (i>j)
}

Array and Methods
Hello
Java !
public static void print(int data[][]){
}
public static float arrayAvarge(int data[][]){
float avg;
int sum=0;
sum+=data[i][j];
return avg=sum/25;
}
public static int firstOddData(int data[][]){
int res=0;
for(int i=0; i<5; i++){
if (data[i][j]%2 != 0)
res=data[i][j]; break;}
return res;
}

Array and Methods
Hello
Java !
public static int leastEvenData(int data[][]){
int res=0;
if (data[i][j]%2 == 0)
res=data[i][j];
return res;
}
} //end class
Array Operations
---------------------------------
1- Print Main Diagonal
2- Print Secondary Diagonal
3- Print Upper Triangle
4- Print Lower Triangle
5- Return the Avarage
6- Return the First Odd Data
7- Return the Least Even Data
8- Print the Array
0- Exit
----------------------------------
Enter your choice 0
Exit
Output

Array and Methods
Hello
Java !
Exercise12: Write a boolean method called hasEight(), which takes an integer as
input and returns true if the number contains the digit 8 (e.g., 18, 808). The signature
of the method is as follows:
public static boolean hasEight(int number)
Exercise13: Write a boolean method called contains(), which takes an array of int and
an int; and returns true if the array contains the given int. The method's signature is as
follows:
public static boolean contains(int[] array, int key)
Exercise14: Write a boolean method called equals(), which takes two arrays of int and
returns true if the two arrays are exactly the same (i.e., same length and same
contents). The method's signature is as follows:
public static boolean equals(int[] array1, int[] array2)

Array and Methods
Hello
Java !
Exercise15: Write a program called GradesStatistics, which reads in n grades (of int
between 0 and 100, inclusive) and displays the average, minimum, maximum, median
and standard deviation. Display the floating-point values upto 2 decimal places. Your
output shall look like:
Enter the number of students: 4
Enter the grade for student 1: 50
{50,51,56,53}
The average is: 52.50
The median is: 52.00
The minimum is: 50
The maximum is: 56
The standard deviation is: 2.29
The formula for calculating standard deviation is:

Array and Methods
Hello
Java !
Exercise16: Write a method to compute e and exp(x) using the following series expansion, in
a class called TrigonometricSeries. The signatures of the methods are:
public static double exp(int numTerms) // x in radians
public static double exp(double x, int numTerms)
End The Hello Java! – Level 1

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