![“…global average
temperatures should not
exceed 2 degrees [Celsius]
above pre-industrial level…”
“…we agree that deep cuts in global emissions are required
according to science, and as documented by the IPCC Fourth
Assessment Report [2007] with a view to reduce global
emissions so as to hold the increase in global temperature below
2 degrees Celsius…”
Special Report on
Global warming of 1.5 o
C
“While science on
the 1.5°C
warming limit is
less robust,
efforts should be
made to push the
defence line as
low as possible”
“The ‘guardrail’ concept, in
which up to 2 °C of warming is
considered safe, is
inadequate……. upper limit, a
defence line…, .. less warming
would be preferable.”](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/amokssitandzhai-workandprocessandsr15final-181010072155/85/Highlight-of-the-IPCC-Work-and-Process-and-Findings-from-the-IPCC-Special-Report-on-Global-Warming-of-1-5-C-17-320.jpg)
Highlight of the IPCC Work and Process and Findings from the IPCC Special Report on Global Warming of 1.5 °C
- 1. Work and Process and Finding from Special Report of 1.5 °C Abdalah Mokssit, Secretary/IPCC Panmao Zhai, Co-Chair, WGI
- 2. 1988 IPCC – jointly established by WMO and UNEP 1990 FAR 1995 SAR 2001 TAR 2007 AR4 AR5 AR6 2013-2014 2021-2022 SR15 2018 2023 1970s-1980s 2019 MR Nobel Peace Prize
- 3. The role of the IPCC is … “… to assess on a comprehensive, objective, open and transparent basis the scientific, technical and socio-economic information relevant to understanding the scientific basis of risk of human- induced climate change, its potential impacts and options for adaptation and mitigation.” “IPCC reports should be neutral with respect to policy, although they may need to deal objectively with scientific, technical and socio-economic factors relevant to the application of particular policies.” Principles Governing IPCC Work, paragraph 2 Source: http://www.ipcc.ch/pdf/ipcc-principles/ipcc-principles.pdf
- 4. Science/Policy Interface Plenary Bureaux WorkingGroup(WG)I The Physical Science Basis WGIII Mitigation of Climate Change WGII Impacts, Adaptation& Vulnerability Task Force on National Greenhouse Gas Inventories Authors Expert Reviewers Review Editors Intergovernmental Panel: 195 member States appointing National Focal Points IPCC – jointly established by WMO and UNEP, action endorsed by the UN General Assembly Hundreds of scientists and experts from around the world are involved in the preparation of IPCC reports
- 5. Sixth Assessment Cycle (AR6) 3 Special Reports Methodology Report update May 2019: 2019 Refinement to the 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories AR6 Main Report 2021: Working Group I, II, and III contribution to the Sixth Assessment Report April 2022: Synthesis Report to the Sixth Assessment Report Global Warming of 1.5 °C (SR15) Climate Change and Land (SRCCL) Ocean and Cryosphere (SROCC) October 2018 August 2019 September 2019 Attention on cities in AR6 including a conference and special report on cities in AR7 Cities UNFCCC global stocktake 2023 UNFCCC COP24 - Talanoa (facilitative) dialogue
- 6. Emission inventories The Physical Science Basis The Synthesis Report Climate Change Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability Mitigation of Climate Change April 2021 April 2022October 2021 July 2021 Global warming of 1.5 o C Oct. 2018 Sept. 2019 Aug. 2019 Land Oceans and cryosphere IPCC Sixth Assessment (AR6) Cities and Climate Change Science ConferenceMarch 2018 May 2018 Expert Meeting on Short Lived Climate Forcers May 2018 Expert Meeting on Assessing Climate Information for Regions Talanoa dialogue UNFCCC Global stocktake 2023 UNFCCC Some overarching preliminary aspects for the Synthesis Report • Global Stocktake • Interaction among emissions, climate, risks and development pathways • Economic and social costs and benefits of mitigation and adaptation in the context of development pathways • Adaptation and mitigation actions in the context of sustainable development • Finance and means of support May 2019 * Dates are subject to change
- 7. How IPCC Reports are Produced
- 8. Preparatory Phase Scoping Approval of Outline Nomination of Authors Selection of Authors The outline is drafted and developed by experts nominated by the government and observer organizations The panel approves the outline Government and observer organizations nominate experts as authors Bureaux select authors
- 9. Chapter 1: Framing and context Chapter 2: Mitigation pathways compatible with 1.5°C in the context of sustainable development Chapter 3: Impacts of 1.5°C global warming on natural and human systems Chapter 4: Strengthening and implementing the global response to the threat of climate change Chapter 5: Sustainable development, poverty eradication and reducing inequalities Outline for SR15
- 10. Africa Asia Europe North & Central America SW Pacific South America 560 nominations, 91 authors from 44 countries 38% women, 51% from developing countries and EIT Report in Numbers
- 11. Drafts Expert Review (FOD) Govt and Expert Review (SOD) Final Draft and SPM Govt Review of Final Draft The 1st order draft is reviewed by experts (anyone can register) The 2nd draft of the report and 1st draft of the SPM is reviewed by governments and experts Authors prepare final drafts of the report and SPM which hare sent to governments Governments review the final draft SPM in preparation for its approval
- 12. Review Process First Order Draft Second Order Draft Final Report Summary for Policy Makers Expert Review: 12 895 comments 489 experts 61 countries Governement and Expert Review 25 590 comments 570 experts 71 countries Final Government Draft Governement Review 3630 Total Comments: 42001
- 13. 10 Steps in creating IPCC reports 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
- 14. SR5 - Key Messages - Summary 1. Climate change is already affecting people, ecosystems and livelihoods all around the world 2. Limiting warming to 1.5C is not impossible but would require unprecedented transitions in all aspects of society. 3. There are clear benefits to keeping warming to 1.5C compared to 2C, or higher. Every bit of warming matters. 4. Limiting warming to 1.5C can go hand-in-hand with achieving other world goals.
- 15. Findings from the Special Report on Global Warming 1.5 °C
- 16. Glimpses from the Plenary
- 17. “…global average temperatures should not exceed 2 degrees [Celsius] above pre-industrial level…” “…we agree that deep cuts in global emissions are required according to science, and as documented by the IPCC Fourth Assessment Report [2007] with a view to reduce global emissions so as to hold the increase in global temperature below 2 degrees Celsius…” Special Report on Global warming of 1.5 o C “While science on the 1.5°C warming limit is less robust, efforts should be made to push the defence line as low as possible” “The ‘guardrail’ concept, in which up to 2 °C of warming is considered safe, is inadequate……. upper limit, a defence line…, .. less warming would be preferable.”
- 19. Where are we now? Since pre-industrial times, human activities have caused approximately 1.0°C of global warming. • Already seeing consequences for people, nature and livelihoods • At current rate, would reach 1.5°C between 2030 and 2052 • Past emissions alone do not commit the world to 1.5°C 5 Ashley Cooper / Aurora Photos Understanding Global Warming of 1.5°C
- 20. Cumulative emissions of CO2 and future non-CO2 radiative forcing determine the probability of limiting warming to 1.5°C SPM1| Faster immediate CO2 emission reductions limit cumulative CO2 emissions Maximum temperature rise is determined by cumulative net CO2 emissions and net non-CO2 radiative forcing due to methane, nitrous oxide, aerosols and other anthropogenic forcing agents.
- 21. Impacts of global warming 1.5°C • Less extreme weather where people live, including extreme heat and rainfall • By 2100, global mean sea level rise will be around 10 cm lower but may continue to rise for centuries • 10 million fewer people exposed to risk of rising seas At 1.5°C compared to 2°C: • Lower impact on biodiversity and species • Smaller reductions in yields of maize, rice, wheat • Global population exposed to water shortages up to 50% less • Lower risk to fisheries & the livelihoods that depend on them • Up to several hundred million fewer people exposed to climate-related risk and susceptible to poverty by 2050 Jason Florio / Aurora Photos Projected Climate Change, Potential Impacts and Associated Risks
- 22. SPM2| How the level of global warming affects impacts and/or risks associated with the Reasons for Concern (RFCs) and selected natural, managed and human systems Confidence level for transition: L=Low, M=Medium, H=High and VH=Very high
- 23. SPM2| Confidence level for transition: L=Low, M=Medium, H=High and VH=Very high Level of additional impact/risk due to climate change How the level of global warming affects impacts and/or risks associated with the Reasons for Concern (RFCs) and selected natural, managed and human systems
- 24. SPM2| Confidence level for transition: L=Low, M=Medium, H=High and VH=Very high How the level of global warming affects impacts and/or risks associated with the Reasons for Concern (RFCs) and selected natural, managed and human systems
- 25. Climate change and people • Close links to United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) • Mix of measures to adapt to climate change and reduce emissions can have benefits for SDGs • National and sub-national authorities, civil society, the private sector, indigenous peoples and local communities can support ambitious action • International cooperation is a critical part of limiting warming to 1.5°C Ashley Cooper/ Aurora Photos Strengthening the Global Response in the Context of Sustainable Development and Efforts to Eradicate Poverty
- 26. IPCC IPCC http://www.slideshare.net/ipcc- media/presentations https://www.youtube.com/c/ipccgeneva Find us on: Website: http://ipcc.ch/ IPCC Secretariat: ipcc-sec@wmo.int IPCC Press Office: ipcc-media@wmo.int @IPCC_CH https://www.linkedin.com/company/ipcc https://www.flickr.com/photos/ipccphoto/sets/ https://vimeo.com/ipcc THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION! For more information:
Editor's Notes
- #8: Since then a new research has been conducted which will be evaluated in the AR6
- #10: 542 nominations d’auteurs Sélection finalisée la semaine prochaine (83 CLA, LA, RE) Pression de sélection 1/7
- #16: Since then a new research has been conducted which will be evaluated in the AR6
- #21: This figure uses stylized emission and forcing pathways to show key factors affecting the prospects of temperatures remaining below 1.5°C. Panel b) CO2 emissions decline from 2020 to reach net zero in 2055 or 2040 Panel c) Cumulative CO2 emissions in pathways reaching net zero in 2055 and 2040 Panel d): Non-CO2 radiative forcing reduced after 2030 or not reduced after 2030
- #23: Five Reasons For Concern (RFCs) illustrate the impacts and risks of different levels of global warming for people, economies and ecosystems across sectors and regions
- #24: Five Reasons For Concern (RFCs) illustrate the impacts and risks of different levels of global warming for people, economies and ecosystems across sectors and regions
- #25: Five Reasons For Concern (RFCs) illustrate the impacts and risks of different levels of global warming for people, economies and ecosystems across sectors and regions