Historical methods for instructing english language learners
This document summarizes five major theories of historical methods for instructing English language learners: First Language Theories, Cognitive Learning Theories, Experience Theories, Social Theories, and Socio-Cultural Theories. First Language Theories focus on language drills, error correction, and reinforcing correct English. Cognitive Learning Theories emphasize that language practice needs to be meaningful, teaching grammar rules before practice, and using real language. Experience Theories center on students learning a second language through using it and focusing on acquisition rather than learning. Social Theories consider the social distance between first and second languages and increasing cultural experiences and opportunities to know the second language culture. Socio-Cultural Theories involve scaffolding student conversations
Historical methods for instructing english language learners
- 1. Historical Methods for Instructing English Language Learners Socio Cultural Theories Social Theories Experience Theories Cognitive Learning Theories First Language Theories
- 2. First Language Theories Language drills and repetition of target language sounds Correction of errors Reinforce correct English to form habits
- 3. Cognitive Language Theories Language practice needs to be meaningful Learn grammar rules before practicing Real language practice to gain automatic control of the language
- 4. Experience Theories Students learn L2 by using L2 L2 acquisition is the focus, as opposed to L2 learning Teachers use high-interest listening and reading materials for input to learning The affective filter, how a student feels about learning the language, affects the outcome Scaffold students’ conversations
- 5. Social Theories Social distance between L1 and L2 will impact acculturation, or use of L2 Increase cultural experience and opportunities to know L2 culture Decrease psychological distance from L2 Low psychological distance leads to learning of L2 Learn and interact with members of L2 culture
- 6. Socio Cultural Theories Scaffold students’ conversation with zone of proximal development Encourage students to use a variety of tools for L2 learning Allow learners to be in control of their learning There is a discrepancy between social use of L2 and cognitive use of L2
- 7. I Plan to be Eclectic and Use Bits and Pieces of all Theories First Language Theories Cognitive Learning Theories Experience Theories Social Theories Socio Cultural Theories The Eclectic Approach
- 8. Cynthia Brown TESOL 504 February 28, 2014 Sources: Horwitz, E. K. (2013). Becoming a Language Teacher: A Practical Guide to Second Language Learning and Teaching (2nd ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson. Herrera, S. G., & Murray, K. G. (2011). Mastering ESL and Bilingual Methods: Differentiated Instruction for Culturally and Linguistically Diverse (CLD) Students (2nd ed.). Boston, MA: Allyn & Bacon.
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