History of computer slide
- 1. Welcome
- 2. History of computer The Mechanical Era
- 3. Abacus • Attempts by humans to develop a tool to manipulate data go back as far as 3000 BC when the Chinese came up with the abacus. • This is the first calculating device invented by human beings consists of a wooden frame, which is divided by a mid-bar into two sections called heaven and earth.
- 4. Napier’s Bone • The Scottish mathematician John Napier makes the arithmetic calculation faster and easier with the invention of system of algorithm in 1614 A.D. • Napier built a mechanical device known as ‘Napier’s bones’ for the purpose of multiplication and division in 1617 A.D.
- 5. Slide Rule • An English mathematician, William Oughtred invented Slide Rule in 1920 A.D. • Slide Rule is an analog device that works on the principle of logarithms. • It consists of two marked rules where one ruler can slide over another rule.
- 6. Pascaline Machine • In 1642, French mathematician Blaise Pascal invented first mechanical calculator named Pascaline to help his father that could add and subtract the number by using the series of eight rotating wheels
- 7. Stepped Rockoner • The German philosopher and mathematician Gottfried Wilhelm Von Leibniz built a mechanical device that could both multiply and divide. • It was improved form of Pascaline. In 1694, Leibniz modified and named it Stepped Reckoner.
- 8. Jacquard’s Loom • In 1801 the Frenchman Joseph Marie Jacquard invented a power loom that could design different patterns on woven fabric.
- 9. Babbage Engines • He developed and demonstrated a working model of mechanical computer called difference engine in 1822. • In 1833 the English mathematician Charles Babbage conceived an analytical engine, which could be programmed with punched cards to carry out calculations. It was different from its predecessors because it was able to make decisions based on its own computations, such as sequential control, branching and looping. • Almost all computers in use today follow this basic idea laid out by Babbage, which is why he is often referred to as 'the father of computers.'
- 10. Lady Augusta Ada Lovelace • Augusta was the lady who helped Babbage in programming the mathematical tables for the analytical engine. • She suggested Charles Babbage to use Binary digits and recognized as the first programmer.
- 11. Hollerith’s Tabulator • Dr. Herman Hollerith invented Tabulating Machine consisted of a card reader. • It used the method of card punching for storing data.
- 12. Practice time Fill in the blanks: • The ________ was the first device used for calculations. • Napier's bone was invented by John Napier in ______. • Joseph Marie Jacquard invented _______ in 1804. • Stepped Reckoner was invented by _______. • Charles Babbage invented _________ and ________. • ________ is considered the first computer programmer.
- 13. Practice time True or False: • Dr. Herman Hollerith devised a tabulating machine. • Blasé Pascal invented a mechanical calculator to help his brother. • The high-level programming language, ADA was named after lady Augusta. • Lady Ada is considered the first programmer of computer. • Charles Babbage is known as the father of modern computers.
- 15. Harvard Mark-I • Howard Aiken with IBM engineers started building the first Automatic Sequence Controlled Calculator (ASCC), which was completed in 1944 A.D. • This computer could carry out five operations, addition, subtraction, multiplication, division and reference to previous results.
- 16. ABC (Atanasoff- Berry Computer) • The ABC is considered as the first computing machine which introduced the idea of binary arithmetic, memory and logic circuits. • It was built during 1938-1942 A.D.
- 17. Electronic Era
- 18. ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator and Calculator) • ENIAC was built in 1946 A.D. • It was based on decimal number system. It has 18,000 vacuum tubes, and 70,000 registers.
- 19. EDSAC (Electronic Delay Storage Automatic Computer) • Maurice Wilkes invented it in 1949. • It also used vacuum tubes. • It was the first stored program computer.
- 20. EDVAC (Electronic Discrete Variable Automatic Computer) • EDVAC was developed by Professor J. P. Eckert and John W. Mauchly in 1952. • This computer operated electronically and used to store the data and instruction as well.
- 21. UNIVAC-I (Universal Automatic Computer) • It was the first computer manufactured for commercial use and general-purpose digital computer.
- 22. History of Computer in Nepal • Firs of all, computer was brought in Nepal in the year 1972 (2028 BS) by the Government. • This was the second-generation computer of the IBM company called IBM 1401. • The government had paid Rs. 1,25,000 per month as a rent for this computer. • Census Department, Kathmandu used it to process the census of 1 crore 12.5 lakh population taking 1 year, 1 month and 15 days. After the completion of this work, it was kept in Nepal for further use.
- 23. Practice time Full form • ABC • ENIAC • EDSAC • UNIVAC • ASCC
- 24. Review of History of Computer • The abacus was invented by Chinese people. • The Napier's bone was invented by John Napier and it was used for complex multiplication. • The slide Rule was an analog divide invented by William Oughtred in 1620. • Blaise Pascal invented Pascaline to help his father who was a tax collector. • Charles Babbage, an English mathematician, is know as the father of modern computers. • Lady Augusta Ada is considered to be the first computer programmer. • Dr. Herman Hollerith, an American census statistician, devised a machine called the Tabulating Machine. • Stored program concept was introduced by John Von Neumann. • ENIVAC was the first large-scale general-purpose computer. • The first computer brought to Nepal was IBM 1401.
- 25. Question/Answer Session Who was John Napier? Write his contribution. Who is considered as the first computer programmer and why? Charles Babbage is called the Father of Modern Computer. Write reasons. Write the contribution of John Von Neumann in the history of computers. Write short note on history of computer in Nepal.
- 26. Any Questions?
- 27. Thank You!