Home automation

Home Automation
Using Android Application
By: Parth Sahu
Nitish Babu

Introduction
 Home automation involves introducing a degree of computerized or
automatic control to certain electrical and electronics system in a building.
It involves the control and automation of lighting, heating (such as smart
thermostats), ventilation, air conditioning (HVAC), and security (such
as smart locks), as well as home appliances such as washer/dryers, ovens
or refrigerators/freezers.
 The client modules communicate with host controllers through a
wireless device such as a Bluetooth or Wi-Fi.
 The aim of project is efficient implementation of IoT (Internet of Things)
used for controlling and monitoring the appliances via User Interface
device like smartphone.

 Home automation results in a smarter home and is used to provide a higher &
healthier standard of living. The beauty of a home automation system is that it is highly
scalable, flexible and it's capabilities are limited only by our imagination. With the IoT
revolution just around the corner, it is high time we move towards widespread adoption of
such a system.
 Such thing will make life a lot easier for the disable, challenged and elderly.
 It contribute to an overall cost reduction and also to energy saving even when we are
not able to access them physically.
Motivation

Features
 The typical smart home automation would feature seamlessly integrated security
systems, refrigerators, televisions, dishwashers, and other electronics and appliances,
centrally and/or remotely controlled from a single device.
1. Automated door locks and security systems.
2. Temperature and ventilation controls;
3. Energy consumption monitoring devices;
4. Entertainment systems;
5. Smart lighting systems;
6. Smart appliances;
7. Vehicle detection systems;
8. Plant and pet monitoring systems.
 Other typical features of the smart home automation include room-to-room video
and audio communication; and notifications sent by the home to a user’s smartphone
or other device in case of a particular occurrence

Implementation
Hardware requirements
• Arduino.
• Bluetooth Module or Wi-Fi module.
• Relays.
• Relay driver.
• Power Supply

System Design
 HA is a system which is controlled by a remote system such as a cell
phone like , Android or IOs Phone.
 It is build around a microcontroller ,with adjoining relays for interfacing
with AC devices.
 There will be sensors for the system to operate automatically according to
weather conditions.
 In case of emergency such as fire, the user or an organization such as Fire
Department should be notified.
 Also, HA should have a database of information about the users and
appliances.

The word “Arduino”can mean three things
A piece of
hardware
A programming
environment
A community
or philosophy

Bluetooth Module
• For the communication between mobile
phone and microcontroller Bluetooth
module is used.
• Serial port Bluetooth module have
a Bluetooth 2.0+EDR (enhanced data
rate), 3Mbps modulation with complete
2.4GHZ radio transceiver and baseband.
• Using Bluetooth profile and
android platform architecture
different type of Bluetooth applications
can be developed.
Wi-Fi Module :
• The ESP8266 is a low-cost Wi-Fi chip with
full TCP/IP stack and MCU ( Micro Controller
Unit ).
• This small module allows microcontrollers to
connect to a Wi-Fi network and make simple
TCP/IP connections .
• Specifications of ESP 8266 Wi-Fi module :
 802.11 b/g/n protocol
 Wi-Fi direct ( P2P ), soft-AP
 Integrated TCP / IP protocol stack
 It requires 3.3 V power.

Router:
A router is a networking device that forwards data packets
between computer networks. Routers perform the traffic
directing functions on the Internet. A data packet is typically
forwarded from one router to another through the networks
that constitute the internetwork until it reaches its destination
node.
Relay:
A relay is an electrically operated switch. Many relays use an
electromagnet to mechanically operate a switch, but other
operating principles are also used, such as solid-state relays.
Specification of relay :
• 230 V input supply
• 15 A current capacity
• 50 Hz frequency

Software Description
ANDROID
 Android has an active community
of developers and enthusiasts
who use the Android Open
Source
Project (AOSP) source code to
develop and distribute their
own modified versions of the
operating system.
ARDUINO
 Arduino is an open source physical
computing platform for creating
interactive objects that stand alone
or collaborate with software on your
computer. Arduino was designed for
artists, designers, and others who
want to incorporate physical
computing into their designs

Controlling Appliances using
Application

Application
 The inefficiency of operation of conventional wall switches can be overwhelmed
using various home automation systems (without using conventional switching
methods)
 The loss of power can be reduced and manpower required for home automation is
very less compared to conventional methods.
 The android application can control Arduino, Bluetooth, Raspberry Pie etc.,
based home automation systems can be more efficient, provides ease of
operation.
 For disabled it will provide Easier Home access, Control home comfort and
Automatic control of sensors.

Challenges
 Router Vulnerability Equals Smart Home Vulnerability:
Hacked router opens up a lot of vulnerabilities where cybercriminals can gain access to your
computers, devices, personal information and your security cameras such as baby monitors
and CCTV.
 Vulnerable Smart Appliances:
Hackers use platforms such as the Shodan search engine and Mirai botnet to scan for the
firmware vulnerabilities of manufactured smart devices that are out in the market. With
each connected smart device, the risk assessment escalates as one faulty firmware with
vulnerability could compromise the overall security of the interconnected smart home.

 Threat Awareness for Smart Home Owners:
Security for smart homes can start with awareness and taking the necessary steps to
secure the integrity of your home network:
 Make sure that your home router’s software is always updated; patches and
software updates issued by the router manufacturer contain important security fixes
for vulnerabilities found in the previous and current router software version.
• Make sure that you have a home network firewall installed as the firewall will be
your first line of defense against network intrusion.
• Like your router software, the connected devices such as appliances and systems
must also have the latest system software installed. Manufacturers of smart devices
also issue security fixes in the system update.
• Hire a home network security consultant. While still uncommon, smart home
security professionals assess the vulnerabilities of your home setup and make
recommendations on how you can improve your smart home security.

Home automation

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