How Children Search the Internet with Keyword Interfaces
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The document outlines a qualitative study on how adolescents, aged 11 to 16, search the web using keyword interfaces, based on in-home interviews. It identifies various searcher roles, including power searchers, visual searchers, and non-motivated searchers, revealing that adolescents perceive themselves as advanced users yet face challenges with multi-step searches. The findings suggest that educators and parents can use these roles to enhance search literacy among adolescents.
How Children Search the Internet with Keyword Interfaces
- 1. How Adolescents Search the Web with Keyword Interfaces:A pilot studyElizabeth Foss*, Allison Druin*, Robin Brewer†, Phillip Lo*, Luis Sanchez†, Evan Golub† *College of Information Studies †Department of Computer Science
- 2. The StudyQualitative StudyIn-home interviews with adolescentsEleven 16-year-olds, 3 MaleQuestions regarding general computer use and affect Five search tasks, ranging in difficulty and agency
- 3. Data AnalysisExamined the Search Task portions of the interviews for 4 aspects: FlowArtifactCultureSequence(Beyer and Holtzblatt, 1998)
- 4. RolesDeveloping SearcherDomain-Specific SearcherPower SearcherNon-Motivated SearcherDistracted SearcherVisual SearcherRule-Bound Searcher______________________________
- 5. RolesDeveloping SearcherDomain-Specific SearcherPower SearcherVisual SearcherDoubting SearcherSocial SearcherNon-Motivated SearcherRule-Bound Searcher
- 6. Developing SearcherDifficulty when facing multi-step search taskLimited knowledge and use of search engine toolsUnplanned, wandering search pathsFocused on search tasksPerceive themselves as advanced users
- 7. Domain-Specific SearcherExpertise in specific content area of interestExpertise does not transfer to general searching abilityInfluenced by family
- 8. Visual SearcherPrefer to look for information using images or videoVerbally discuss videos and imagesWidely influenced by friends, school, and siblingsBroadly triggered to searching by personal interests, school, music, events, and conversations
- 9. Non-Motivated SearcherMinimally engaged during interview, limited verbal responseUnfocused, distracted search behaviorsPhysically distant from the computerShortest possible, most efficient search pathsOnly triggered to search by school
- 10. Rule-Bound SearcherSearching is dictated by a set of rigid guidelines Display trust in their searching patternsDouble-check resultsRate themselves as less skilled at early agesReport outside influence when describing how they learned to search; from school or by watching friends
- 11. Power SearcherConfident, verbalUse of search engine toolsSelf-report advanced use at a young ageMore influenced by fathers than other rolesSome report no frustrations with the computerHave programming abilities
- 12. Differences from younger children:Natural language queries Higher overall level of expertisePower Searcher
- 13. Doubting SearcherAsking clarifying questionsRate themselves as less skilledReport social use of the computer as a favorite activityAll report influence from school and spend more time searching for schoolHeavily female
- 14. Social SearcherUse of social networking or communication sitesInstigating conversations with other people on and offline while using the computerBroadly triggered to search by images, music, conversations, personal interests, and school
- 15. Druin, et al., 2010
- 16. Role Connections
- 17. ConclusionsSome search behaviors are more permanent, while others develop laterEducators, parents and designers can use search roles as guide to promote search literacyTeach skills of Power Searchers to all Social searching for adolescentsUse domains as access points to motivate search
- 18. Future WorkFull study with 15 and 16-year-olds, 80 planned participants. How to truly challenge more expert searchers?Comparative analysis with data from younger children.
- 19. AcknowledgementsThank you to the participating families!This research was made possible with a Google University Research Grant.
- 20. ReferencesBeyer, H., and Holtzblatt, K. Contextual Design: Defining Customer-Centered Systems. Morgan Kaufmann, San Francisco CA, USA, (1998). Druin, A., Foss, E., Hatley, L., Golub, E., Guha, M.L., Fails, J., and Hutchinson, H. How children search the Internet with keyword interfaces. In Proc. IDC 2009, ACM Press (2009), 89-96.Druin, A., Foss, E., Hutchinson, H., Golub, E., and Hatley, L. Children’s roles using keyword search interfaces at home. In Proc. of CHI 2010, ACM Press (2010), 413-422.Smith, M., Milic-Frayling, N., Shneiderman, B., Mendes Rodrigues, E., Leskovec, J., Dunne, C., (2010). NodeXL: a free and open network overview, discovery and exploration add-in for Excel 2007/2010, http://nodexl.codeplex.com/ from the Social Media Research Foundation, http://www.smrfoundation.org.
Editor's Notes
- #18: Use triggers to excite searchConnect search interface with social networking sites to support adolescents’ social computer use and reliance on othersMake success visible to encourage confidence in all searchers