How does the internet work
- 3. INTRODUCTION The Internet is a global system of interconnected computer networks thatuse the standard Internet protocolsuite (TCP/IP) to serve several billion users worldwide. Who invented the internet it is not a contributionof one person but Tim Berners Lee on 25 December 1990, with the help of Robert Caillou’s implemented the first successful communication between a Hypertext Transfer Protocol(HTTP)Client and server via internet.
- 4. Most website are in English language. the internet user is growing at a fast phase. we use internet in many fields like banking, communication, entertainment, for our business exploring the world. Required component Hardware: it carries information. Example: Router, Server, Cellphone tower Satellite. All these devices together create the network of network.
- 5. Required component Server : Machine that store the information we seek on the internet.
- 6. Node : Element which serve as a connecting point along a route of traffic. Transmission line : which can be physical ,as in the case of cables and fiber optics . or they cam be wireless singles from satellites , cell phone or 4G towers or radios.
- 7. Protocols All of this hardwarewouldn’t create a network without the second component of the internet that is protocols. Protocolsare sets of rules that machine follow to complete tasks. Hypertext transfer protocolis what we use to view web sites througha browser. That’s what the http at the front of any web address stand for. Two of most important protocolsare the transmission control protocols(TCP) and internet protocols(IP). We often group the two together -- in most discussions about Internet protocols you'll see them listed as TCP/IP
- 8. Each device connected to the Internet has an IP address.This is how one machine can find another throughthe massive network. Protocol’s working It provides a way for applicationsto have accessto networked services. This layer alsocontainsthe high level protocols.
- 9. This layer acts as the delivery service used by the applicationlayer.Again the two protocolsused are TCP and UDP. The routing and delivery of data is the responsibilityof this layer and is the key componentof this architecture. This includeswires, network interfacecard cards . it responsiblefor placingthe data within a frame . frame is the packagethat holdsthe data in the same way as an envelope holdsa letter. Working The browser broke the URL into three parts: The protocol ("http")
- 10. The server name ("www.howstuffworks.com") The file name ("web-server.htm") • The browsercommunicated with the help of ISP to a name server to translate the server name "www.howstuffworks.com" into an IP Address,which it uses to connect to the server machine. • Following the HTTP protocol,and a specific portnumber the browsersent a GET request to the server, asking for the file "http://www.howstuffworks.com/web-server.htm. • The server then sent the HTML text for the Web page to the browser. and browserread the HTML text and convert into plane text which is readable by us.
- 11. Terminology ISPs : a home computer may be linked to the Internet using a phone-linemodem, DSL or cable modem that talks to an Internet service provider (ISP) ISP using a high speed linelike a T1 line.ISP then connected to larger ISPs and the largest ISP maintainfiber optic“ backbones”for an entire nation or region.backbonareconnected by fiber optics or satallite and other method.in this way every computer on internet connected to each other each machineon the Internet is assigneda unique address calledan IP address. IP stands for Internet protocol, and these addresses are 32-bit numbers
- 12. Domain name : because most people have trouble rememberingthe strings of numbers that make up IP addresses, and because IP addressessometimes need to change,all servers on the Internet alsohave human-readablenames, called domain names . it containsthree parts: The host name ("www") The domainname (“ howstuffworks") The top-level domainname ("com") Terminology DNS : a set of servers called domain name servers (DNS) maps the human-readablenames to the IP addresses. These servers are simple databases that map names to IP addresses, and they are distributed all over the Internet. Port number : any server machine makes its services available to the internet using numbered ports, one for each service that is available on the server.
- 13. If the server machine accepts connections on a portfrom the outside world, and if a firewall is not protecting the port, you can connect to the port from anywhere on the Internet and use the service. Terminology Domain names within the ".com" domain are managed by the registrarcalledVeriSign. VeriSign also manages ".net" domain names. VeriSign also maintains contact information for each site and runs the "whois" database. The host name is created by the company hosting the domain. "www" is a very common host name.
- 14. www is invented by Tim bernes lee . it is not internet . but it is a collection of large number of websites , images , video , audio etc which is connected by HTML. summary Now we know that when you type a URL into a browser, the followingstepsoccur:The browser breaks the URL into three parts: The protocol("http") The server name ("www.howstuffworks.com") The filename ("web-server.htm") The browser communicateswith a name server to translate the server name,
- 15. "www.howstuffworks.com,"into an IP address, which it uses to connectto that server machine.The browser then forms a connectionto the Web server at that IP address on port 80. Followingthe HTTP protocol, the browser sendsa GET request to the server, askingfor the file "http://www.howstuffworks.com/web-server.htm." The server sendsthe HTML text for the Web page to the browser. The browser reads the HTML tags and formats the page onto your screen. References www.howstuffworks.com
- 16. www.google.com