Internet
- 2. What is the Internet? A network of network, joining many government university and private computers together and providing an infrastructure for the use of E-mail, file archives, hypertext documents and other computational resources.
- 3. Contd… Computers on internet have a unique address - IP address Network of networks connected using a common communication protocol (TCP/IP)
- 4. Contd… The internet is a global network of computers and computer network communicating under one set of guidelines, formally called Transmission Control Protocol/ Internet Protocol (TCP/IP)
- 5. How internet works? Protocols – standardized rules that define how computers communicate and exchange data IP address – unique number used to identify computers on internet Domain name – structured naming system to locate computers on the internet
- 6. Contd… URL – uniform naming scheme that specifies unique address of internet resources Client and Server – computing architecture used by most internet services
- 7. Contd… TCP/IP The internet is a packet switching network that uses TCP/IP as its core protocol TCP/IP is a suite of protocols that govern network addresses and the organization and packaging of the information to be sent over the internet TCP-flow control $ recovery of packets IP – addressing and forwarding of individual packets
- 8. Internet protocols HTTP – for accessing and transmitting World Wide Web documents FTP – for transferring files from one computer to another Gopher Protocol – for accessing documents via Gopher menu Telnet Protocol – allows users to login to a remote computer SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) for sending and managing electronic mails(e-mail)
- 9. IP address IP address is a unique address assigned to each computer connected to the internet It is used by TCP/IP to route packets of information from sender to a location on the internet IP address consist of four sets of numbers ranging from 0 to 255 E.g. -249.7.13.53
- 11. Contd… The first two numbers set designate the network Third number set identifies local network Fourth number set identifies the particular machine
- 12. IP VERSION There are two versions of IP:- IPV4 e.g. 172.16.254.1 IPV6 e.g. 2001:db8:0:1234:0:567:8:1
- 13. TYPES OF ADDRESS Static Address Dynamic Address
- 14. contd…. Static Address manually input by network administrator. manageable for small networks . requires careful check to avoid duplication.
- 15. Contd… Dynamic Address assigned on LANs and broadband networks by DHCP servers. derived automatically from the range of addresses.
- 16. Various forms of IP Addresses Decimal system with base 10. Domain name system-By it own name. DWORD format - Decimal number system. Octal system - Base 8. Hexadecimal - Base 16. A cross breed – Combination of above two.
- 17. Domain names Domain names are the alias or English language equivalent of computers IP addresses. DNS allows the use of easier to remember domain names instead of IP addresses to locate computers on the internet Domain Name resolvers scattered across the internet translate domain names into IP addresses
- 18. Contd… Domain names have two parts: First part names the host computer Second part identifies the top level domain Top level domains – identify the type of host Country Code Top Level Domains Generic Top Level Domain Domain names are used in URLs and email addresses
- 19. Top Level Domains .com - commercial/company site edu/ac - educational/academic .gov - government site .org - non profit organizations .mil - military sites .int - international organizations .net - network providers
- 20. Additional Top level Domains .aero - restricted use by the air transportations industry .biz - general use by businesses .coop - restricted use by cooperatives .info - general use by both commercial and non commercial sites .museum - restricted use by museums .name - general use by individuals .pro - restricted use by certified professionals
- 21. DNS Tree
- 22. Working of D N S
- 24. References http://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&q=cache:FnTcI0XJmEEJ:ncsi-net.ncsi.iisc.ernet.in/gsdl/collect/drtbrara/index/assoc/HASH013c.dir/doc.pdf+how+internet+works+powerpoint+slides&hl=en&gl=in&pid=bl&srcid=ADGEESi6fDmD9nO_XELgDSjgiNFF3Duykwg-JBhmAfs0o3D0BR44y0Mp9lK56t49PQnasU2or-zdJ7DMP6Bh0ybYsjFDqdnhd4unAZ_nh9t5aQ5eLxSs9eFltpRyFFNYRbl1grJcMU0r&sig=AHIEtbSqRDv8P6M54mJUR1TOoTi_jhGnfw http://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&q=cache:9hD-3eQQs0UJ:www.computing.dcu.ie/~cgreene/ca106/notes/HowtheInternet.ppt+how+internet+works+powerpoint+slides&hl=en&gl=in&pid=bl&srcid=ADGEESi-9kJU4MrHQBXjDbsoW8L97ttwny5rNKVCwSjib91RS9I-yP0gMxGkelwQoE1hmtK9NoQMYSpnEQyKrf2TYzNe-sngCscU3gwQj37s1OaLYJQ2GkYFMDRpcAhm25BlWdgbB_tn&sig=AHIEtbScRWmHddKr60VvtR8vW0cMvVW_UQ http://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&q=cache:9xCE8oicMvUJ:www.doc.ic.ac.uk/~rcheung/teaching/1720/ppt/lecture02.ppt+how+internet+works+powerpoint+slides&hl=en&gl=in&pid=bl&srcid=ADGEESjB45G4E1OBmN894EB4Slc8hSF1oRl4y62hNQn-Sv8_35BJLLSvoalC6CjfGlB_Nlm7WyelgDpB49mixBOzJEY-zgcs4M4dNZOHuym3n3fDqbz9uiTTmQOo2wdgfV0_Phop-mMq&sig=AHIEtbTxpgdFbDf8S2NKXzuwPdcT6JcMQw http://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&q=cache:YPV-0ClI1p8J:www.ietf.org/proceedings/64/slides/protut-0/protut-0.ppt+how+dns+works+in+internet-ppt&hl=en&gl=in&pid=bl&srcid=ADGEESjucPpujwzUYPzw5T802Gd8hLeHC1B5NwNdf9ITHvYQijH62vItw9fEOwLuTYzmUdCcDkpfCSx72WXy4qD31-BJs0_eY9OpO3ZhxMARh3z5_dCpMMcbReTa6fiLb6KKbkBer4hk&sig=AHIEtbS-VeUoAoIYmRAHnVINugpQIiPPuQ