Listening is an active skill that requires concentration and effort to understand both the literal and implied meanings of what is being said. To improve listening skills, one must accept that listening is difficult work involving both hearing words and comprehending their intended meanings. It is important to prepare by learning about the topic, maintaining an open and unbiased attitude, focusing on understanding the core ideas without distraction, and considering both the verbal and nonverbal aspects of a message. Effective listeners avoid interrupting and reserve judgment until after listening fully to different perspectives.