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EXPERTS IN CHALLENGER BRANDSEXPERTS IN CHALLENGER BRANDS
@markcbarden @ABConstraint
The limitation was the
impetus for a better outcome
@markcbarden @ABConstraint
The freedom
of a tight
brief
How to transform limitations into advantages
How to transform limitations into advantages
A BEAUTIFUL CONSTRAINT:
How To Transform Your Limitations Into Advantages, and Why It’s Everyone’s Business
1
Victim
Neutralizer
Transformer
2
Break Path
Dependence
3
Ask
Propelling
Questions
4
Can-If
5
Creating
Abundance
6
Activating
Emotions
A BEAUTIFUL CONSTRAINT:
How To Transform Your Limitations Into Advantages, and Why It’s Everyone’s Business
Imagine . . .
You are 17
You’re an awesome guitarist
EXPERTS IN CHALLENGER BRANDSEXPERTS IN CHALLENGER BRANDS
Industrial factory setting
EXPERTS IN CHALLENGER BRANDSEXPERTS IN CHALLENGER BRANDS
Industrial factory setting
How do you feel now?
A BEAUTIFUL CONSTRAINT:
How To Transform Your Limitations Into Advantages, and Why It’s Everyone’s Business
Victim TransformerNeutralizer
What do you need now?
EXPERTS IN CHALLENGER BRANDSEXPERTS IN CHALLENGER BRANDS
A BEAUTIFUL CONSTRAINT:
How To Transform Your Limitations Into Advantages, and Why It’s Everyone’s Business
“We are the stories
we tell ourselves”
Timothy Wilson
A BEAUTIFUL CONSTRAINT:
How To Transform Your Limitations Into Advantages, and Why It’s Everyone’s Business
Victim TransformerNeutralizer
You need a new story
A BEAUTIFUL CONSTRAINT:
How To Transform Your Limitations Into Advantages, and Why It’s Everyone’s Business
Victim TransformerNeutralizer
You need to begin looking for
solutions
A BEAUTIFUL CONSTRAINT:
How To Transform Your Limitations Into Advantages, and Why It’s Everyone’s Business
Abandon conventional thinking
• None of the usual methods of guitar playing can help you now
• This requires a set of truly novel solutions
A BEAUTIFUL CONSTRAINT:
How To Transform Your Limitations Into Advantages, and Why It’s Everyone’s Business
1
Victim
Neutralizer
Transformer
2
Break Path
Dependence
3
Ask
Propelling
Questions
4
Can-If
5
Creating
Abundance
6
Activating
Emotions
A BEAUTIFUL CONSTRAINT:
How To Transform Your Limitations Into Advantages, and Why It’s Everyone’s Business
The Propelling Question
A BEAUTIFUL CONSTRAINT:
How To Transform Your Limitations Into Advantages, and Why It’s Everyone’s Business
The Propelling Question
PLAY
INCREDIBLE
GUITAR
WITH
DAMAGED
FINGERS
A BEAUTIFUL CONSTRAINT:
How To Transform Your Limitations Into Advantages, and Why It’s Everyone’s Business
We can if we…
• We can play incredible guitar with damaged fingers, if we…
EXPERTS IN CHALLENGER BRANDSEXPERTS IN CHALLENGER BRANDS
Your new sound . . .
EXPERTS IN CHALLENGER BRANDSEXPERTS IN CHALLENGER BRANDS
A BEAUTIFUL CONSTRAINT:
How To Transform Your Limitations Into Advantages, and Why It’s Everyone’s Business
We can if we…
• Introduce thimbles to extend fingers
• Substitute guitar strings with banjo strings
• Remove some tension on the strings to make them easy to bend
• We think of it as “heavy metal”
• Required a creative approach to how he saw “assets” (creating
abundance)
A BEAUTIFUL CONSTRAINT:
How To Transform Your Limitations Into Advantages, and Why It’s Everyone’s Business
Difficult
challenges
require Can If
thinking…
A BEAUTIFUL CONSTRAINT:
How To Transform Your Limitations Into Advantages, and Why It’s Everyone’s Business
How can I write a book 1st graders can’t
put down…using only 225 CVC words?
How can we win the race…when our
car is no faster than anyone elses?
A BEAUTIFUL CONSTRAINT:
How To Transform Your Limitations Into Advantages, and Why It’s Everyone’s Business
I can if I introduce rhyming absurdity We can if we substitute a TDI
engine for a conventional one
A BEAUTIFUL CONSTRAINT:
How To Transform Your Limitations Into Advantages, and Why It’s Everyone’s Business
A BEAUTIFUL CONSTRAINT:
How To Transform Your Limitations Into Advantages, and Why It’s Everyone’s Business
1
Victim
Neutralizer
Transformer
2
Break Path
Dependence
3
Ask
Propelling
Questions
4
Can-If
5
Creating
Abundance
6
Activating
Emotions
A BEAUTIFUL CONSTRAINT:
How To Transform Your Limitations Into Advantages, and Why It’s Everyone’s Business
Surf Propelling Question
How can
we
increase
share by
25%
When we
lack the
product
performance
of leading
brands?
A BEAUTIFUL CONSTRAINT:
How To Transform Your Limitations Into Advantages, and Why It’s Everyone’s Business
How to transform limitations into advantages
A Mindset Journey
Victim TransformerNeutralizer
Nike Propelling Question
Vastly
improve
factory
conditions
Without the
people to
enforce
compliance
Source: Sydow, Schreyvogg and Koch
Propelling Questions force us off the
tried and true path
How to transform limitations into advantages
How to transform limitations into advantages
Nike Propelling Question
An even
better
running
shoe
Big
reduction
in
resources
used
How to transform limitations into advantages
How to transform limitations into advantages
How to transform limitations into advantages
An Airbnb Propelling Question
Great
photos
of every
room
W/o huge
personnel
& travel
costs
We can if we resource it with…
…photographers in our community
A BEAUTIFUL CONSTRAINT:
How To Transform Your Limitations Into Advantages, and Why It’s Everyone’s Business
1
Victim
Neutralizer
Transformer
2
Break Path
Dependence
3
Ask
Propelling
Questions
4
Can-If
5
Creating
Abundance
6
Activating
Emotions
“If you don’t have resources
you have to be resourceful”
K.R. Bloom
Create Abundance
How to transform limitations into advantages
ASSETS
What do we have in abundance?
What can we Trade?
REFRAME
How can we reframe these assets to give
them more relevance and value to others?
ASSETS
What do we have in abundance?
What can we Trade?
REFRAME
How can we reframe these assets to give
them more relevance and value to others?
Planes
San Francisco Bay Area
Sir Richard
ASSETS
What do we have in abundance?
What can we Trade?
REFRAME
How can we reframe these assets to give
them more relevance and value to others?
Planes Audience/eyeballs
San Francisco Bay Area
Twitterati / sharers
Google, method
Sir Richard Glamor, celebrity
Victoria’s
Secret
How to transform limitations into advantages
Let’s take this for a spin
How to transform limitations into advantages
How to transform limitations into advantages
Try to write a couple of different Propelling Questions
• Experiment with different combinations of ambition and constraint
• Try different levels of specificity
Propelling Question #1
How can we
provide
fresh
produce for
all
When there
is less water
to irrigate
our farms?
Propelling Question #2
How can we
feed
everyone
Without as
much
farming?
Propelling Question #3
How can we
dramatically
improve
farmers’
access to
water
When
there’s a lot
less rain?
How to transform limitations into advantages
Try to answer
your PQ
using the
Can If
prompts
Can if instructions
• 5 mins on your own getting some can if ideas on paper
• Use the prompts to get you started — doesn’t matter where you start
• You don’t have time to try them all!
• Share out with your team members
• Build on each others’ ideas
• Choose your best one to share out and present it like this:
• How can we [ambition] when we [constraint]?
• We can if we ….
The Rise of the Unreasonable Challenger
“…brands able to unite
attributes that have
previously been perceived
as disparate are showing
considerably more
momentum and energy than
the ones stuck in their old
one-dimensional territory.”
The historic foundations of strategy in marketing and comms
• Categories historically structured around trade-offs — poles of values, which stood in
opposite dimension to each other:
• Fast vs Fuel Efficient
• Quality vs Inexpensive
• Healthy food vs Fast Food
• Trade-offs any reasonable person would accept
• Brand strategy: choosing a pole, and linking oneself strongly and creatively to it
• Structure the marketing mix around the most potent delivery of that offer
• Task for comms: romancing why this pole was the most important criterion for choice
Cross platform mobile messaging…for free
The latest fashion… at disposable prices
Good value, fast food
Good value, fast food with a
side of sustainability
An Oscar-worthy gown
An Oscar-worthy gown returned
the next day
The latest smart phone but no
contract
‘One of the roles of planning is to define
the right level of ambition for the brand’
Luis Toledo, JWT
Unreasonable Planning: The Yves Behar Model
What do you think?
mark@eatbigfish.com
@markcbarden
Star Wars and The Resource Curse

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How to transform limitations into advantages

  • 1. EXPERTS IN CHALLENGER BRANDSEXPERTS IN CHALLENGER BRANDS
  • 2. @markcbarden @ABConstraint The limitation was the impetus for a better outcome
  • 6. A BEAUTIFUL CONSTRAINT: How To Transform Your Limitations Into Advantages, and Why It’s Everyone’s Business 1 Victim Neutralizer Transformer 2 Break Path Dependence 3 Ask Propelling Questions 4 Can-If 5 Creating Abundance 6 Activating Emotions
  • 7. A BEAUTIFUL CONSTRAINT: How To Transform Your Limitations Into Advantages, and Why It’s Everyone’s Business Imagine . . . You are 17 You’re an awesome guitarist
  • 8. EXPERTS IN CHALLENGER BRANDSEXPERTS IN CHALLENGER BRANDS Industrial factory setting
  • 9. EXPERTS IN CHALLENGER BRANDSEXPERTS IN CHALLENGER BRANDS Industrial factory setting How do you feel now?
  • 10. A BEAUTIFUL CONSTRAINT: How To Transform Your Limitations Into Advantages, and Why It’s Everyone’s Business Victim TransformerNeutralizer What do you need now?
  • 11. EXPERTS IN CHALLENGER BRANDSEXPERTS IN CHALLENGER BRANDS
  • 12. A BEAUTIFUL CONSTRAINT: How To Transform Your Limitations Into Advantages, and Why It’s Everyone’s Business “We are the stories we tell ourselves” Timothy Wilson
  • 13. A BEAUTIFUL CONSTRAINT: How To Transform Your Limitations Into Advantages, and Why It’s Everyone’s Business Victim TransformerNeutralizer You need a new story
  • 14. A BEAUTIFUL CONSTRAINT: How To Transform Your Limitations Into Advantages, and Why It’s Everyone’s Business Victim TransformerNeutralizer You need to begin looking for solutions
  • 15. A BEAUTIFUL CONSTRAINT: How To Transform Your Limitations Into Advantages, and Why It’s Everyone’s Business Abandon conventional thinking • None of the usual methods of guitar playing can help you now • This requires a set of truly novel solutions
  • 16. A BEAUTIFUL CONSTRAINT: How To Transform Your Limitations Into Advantages, and Why It’s Everyone’s Business 1 Victim Neutralizer Transformer 2 Break Path Dependence 3 Ask Propelling Questions 4 Can-If 5 Creating Abundance 6 Activating Emotions
  • 17. A BEAUTIFUL CONSTRAINT: How To Transform Your Limitations Into Advantages, and Why It’s Everyone’s Business The Propelling Question
  • 18. A BEAUTIFUL CONSTRAINT: How To Transform Your Limitations Into Advantages, and Why It’s Everyone’s Business The Propelling Question PLAY INCREDIBLE GUITAR WITH DAMAGED FINGERS
  • 19. A BEAUTIFUL CONSTRAINT: How To Transform Your Limitations Into Advantages, and Why It’s Everyone’s Business We can if we… • We can play incredible guitar with damaged fingers, if we…
  • 20. EXPERTS IN CHALLENGER BRANDSEXPERTS IN CHALLENGER BRANDS Your new sound . . .
  • 21. EXPERTS IN CHALLENGER BRANDSEXPERTS IN CHALLENGER BRANDS
  • 22. A BEAUTIFUL CONSTRAINT: How To Transform Your Limitations Into Advantages, and Why It’s Everyone’s Business We can if we… • Introduce thimbles to extend fingers • Substitute guitar strings with banjo strings • Remove some tension on the strings to make them easy to bend • We think of it as “heavy metal” • Required a creative approach to how he saw “assets” (creating abundance)
  • 23. A BEAUTIFUL CONSTRAINT: How To Transform Your Limitations Into Advantages, and Why It’s Everyone’s Business Difficult challenges require Can If thinking…
  • 24. A BEAUTIFUL CONSTRAINT: How To Transform Your Limitations Into Advantages, and Why It’s Everyone’s Business How can I write a book 1st graders can’t put down…using only 225 CVC words? How can we win the race…when our car is no faster than anyone elses?
  • 25. A BEAUTIFUL CONSTRAINT: How To Transform Your Limitations Into Advantages, and Why It’s Everyone’s Business I can if I introduce rhyming absurdity We can if we substitute a TDI engine for a conventional one
  • 26. A BEAUTIFUL CONSTRAINT: How To Transform Your Limitations Into Advantages, and Why It’s Everyone’s Business
  • 27. A BEAUTIFUL CONSTRAINT: How To Transform Your Limitations Into Advantages, and Why It’s Everyone’s Business 1 Victim Neutralizer Transformer 2 Break Path Dependence 3 Ask Propelling Questions 4 Can-If 5 Creating Abundance 6 Activating Emotions
  • 28. A BEAUTIFUL CONSTRAINT: How To Transform Your Limitations Into Advantages, and Why It’s Everyone’s Business
  • 29. Surf Propelling Question How can we increase share by 25% When we lack the product performance of leading brands?
  • 30. A BEAUTIFUL CONSTRAINT: How To Transform Your Limitations Into Advantages, and Why It’s Everyone’s Business
  • 32. A Mindset Journey Victim TransformerNeutralizer
  • 34. Source: Sydow, Schreyvogg and Koch Propelling Questions force us off the tried and true path
  • 37. Nike Propelling Question An even better running shoe Big reduction in resources used
  • 41. An Airbnb Propelling Question Great photos of every room W/o huge personnel & travel costs
  • 42. We can if we resource it with… …photographers in our community
  • 43. A BEAUTIFUL CONSTRAINT: How To Transform Your Limitations Into Advantages, and Why It’s Everyone’s Business 1 Victim Neutralizer Transformer 2 Break Path Dependence 3 Ask Propelling Questions 4 Can-If 5 Creating Abundance 6 Activating Emotions
  • 44. “If you don’t have resources you have to be resourceful” K.R. Bloom Create Abundance
  • 46. ASSETS What do we have in abundance? What can we Trade? REFRAME How can we reframe these assets to give them more relevance and value to others?
  • 47. ASSETS What do we have in abundance? What can we Trade? REFRAME How can we reframe these assets to give them more relevance and value to others? Planes San Francisco Bay Area Sir Richard
  • 48. ASSETS What do we have in abundance? What can we Trade? REFRAME How can we reframe these assets to give them more relevance and value to others? Planes Audience/eyeballs San Francisco Bay Area Twitterati / sharers Google, method Sir Richard Glamor, celebrity
  • 51. Let’s take this for a spin
  • 54. Try to write a couple of different Propelling Questions • Experiment with different combinations of ambition and constraint • Try different levels of specificity
  • 55. Propelling Question #1 How can we provide fresh produce for all When there is less water to irrigate our farms?
  • 56. Propelling Question #2 How can we feed everyone Without as much farming?
  • 57. Propelling Question #3 How can we dramatically improve farmers’ access to water When there’s a lot less rain?
  • 59. Try to answer your PQ using the Can If prompts
  • 60. Can if instructions • 5 mins on your own getting some can if ideas on paper • Use the prompts to get you started — doesn’t matter where you start • You don’t have time to try them all! • Share out with your team members • Build on each others’ ideas • Choose your best one to share out and present it like this: • How can we [ambition] when we [constraint]? • We can if we ….
  • 61. The Rise of the Unreasonable Challenger “…brands able to unite attributes that have previously been perceived as disparate are showing considerably more momentum and energy than the ones stuck in their old one-dimensional territory.”
  • 62. The historic foundations of strategy in marketing and comms • Categories historically structured around trade-offs — poles of values, which stood in opposite dimension to each other: • Fast vs Fuel Efficient • Quality vs Inexpensive • Healthy food vs Fast Food • Trade-offs any reasonable person would accept • Brand strategy: choosing a pole, and linking oneself strongly and creatively to it • Structure the marketing mix around the most potent delivery of that offer • Task for comms: romancing why this pole was the most important criterion for choice
  • 63. Cross platform mobile messaging…for free
  • 64. The latest fashion… at disposable prices
  • 66. Good value, fast food with a side of sustainability
  • 68. An Oscar-worthy gown returned the next day
  • 69. The latest smart phone but no contract
  • 70. ‘One of the roles of planning is to define the right level of ambition for the brand’ Luis Toledo, JWT
  • 71. Unreasonable Planning: The Yves Behar Model
  • 72. What do you think? mark@eatbigfish.com @markcbarden
  • 73. Star Wars and The Resource Curse

Editor's Notes

  • #3: The limitation drove a better outcome
  • #4: Lattitude within limitations
  • #5: “Companies that will be successful—not in 2015 but in 2020 and beyond —are those who will be smaller but can have bigger impact” Rei Inamoto CCO of AKQA “Everyone needs to be faster, smarter, more agile, more acutely attuned to culture and context and more adept and facile with new capabilities” Susan Gianinno, North America chair of Publicis “We need to continue to invest in having the best ideas for our clients and their brands no matter the forum.” Lou Aversano NY CEO of Ogilvy
  • #7: WHITE CIRCLES And TEXT BOXES editable Do t, n, v riff with Beirut – stages Nothing in our recent experience has prepared us to take on our toughest constraints Our habits – even good ones— eventually blind us to the opportunities Lock in
  • #8: You’re in a band. You’re going to be big, you just know it. It’s the last day of your stinking job at the stinking sheet metal factory in Birmingham And in a twist of fate you slice off the tips of your middle and ring finger
  • #12: 2 guitarists, 2 accidents that should have seriously diminished their chances of greatness ended up propelling them to even greater heights inventing entire new genres of music
  • #17: WHITE CIRCLES And TEXT BOXES editable Do t, n, v riff with Beirut – stages Nothing in our recent experience has prepared us to take on our toughest constraints Our habits – even good ones— eventually blind us to the opportunities Lock in
  • #18: Increase your ambition in the face of a constraint — it propels you into very different solutions paths than those you’d habitually follow
  • #19: Increase your ambition in the face of a constraint — it propels you into very different solutions paths than those you’d habitually follow
  • #24: Colin Kelly bans “Can’t because” Have to put “Can If” into the conversations. Change the dialog from whether it is possible to how it is possible. Inject optimism and keep the flow of ideas going
  • #28: WHITE CIRCLES And TEXT BOXES editable Do t, n, v riff with Beirut – stages Nothing in our recent experience has prepared us to take on our toughest constraints Our habits – even good ones— eventually blind us to the opportunities Lock in
  • #30: The most productive way to deal with change, even “impossible” challenges of the day, is to harness their power for change AND TO INCREASE OUR LEVEL OF AMBITION PQs form Impossible Briefs because they harness our ambitions directly to our constraints. And that’s not intuitive, is it. Doesn’t one thwart the other? they are questions that set up what the psychologists call a “paradoxical frame” — two things that don’t belong naturally The tension and confusion is a trigger to creativity. It cannot be answered by anything we know today, so we can’t default to old habits. so if we’re open to it, and we believe it might be possible to answer it, then it PROPELS us down new solution paths. The most effective kind of question even increases the ambition to make the answering even harder than we’d imagine. Listen to Michael Hay of IKEA…
  • #31: Alternative image
  • #32: Early nike story of change — in the form of some of the first anti-sweatshop rallies — and their response as a victim first. Then neutralizer. But it leading to a better outcome in terms of product as well as relationships with the NGOs
  • #33: Your mindset toward change and the constraints on your current model that it inevitably brings are vital to success on this journey over the next few years. It’s easy to get stuck in the victim mindset bemoaning how events have overtaken you and your product and preparing to reduce your ambitions. Some of us might figure out how to deal with this and neutralize the effects the best we can. But some of us will relish the opportunity for transformation, both of ourselves and our business by all the change and the constraints it brings Tell Michael Beirut story from ABC about the journey all of us go on, even the brilliant creative minds used to solving problems We need to believe that all of us are capable of moving from the left to the right, repeatedly
  • #34: The most productive way to deal with change, even “impossible” challenges of the day, is to harness their power for change AND TO INCREASE OUR LEVEL OF AMBITION PQs form Impossible Briefs because they harness our ambitions directly to our constraints. And that’s not intuitive, is it. Doesn’t one thwart the other? they are questions that set up what the psychologists call a “paradoxical frame” — two things that don’t belong naturally The tension and confusion is a trigger to creativity. It cannot be answered by anything we know today, so we can’t default to old habits. so if we’re open to it, and we believe it might be possible to answer it, then it PROPELS us down new solution paths. The most effective kind of question even increases the ambition to make the answering even harder than we’d imagine. Listen to Michael Hay of IKEA…
  • #35: “We don’t have habits, our habits have us” — we’re not aware half the time of the biases that exist inside our own heads and inside the practices of our organization
  • #36: Then the regulators told Nike they were banning the air in Nike Air and that they would need to find an alternative. At first shrunk from the task and then eventually embraced it and found a better solution that allowed for the first full foot air bag which become the bestselling Nike Air Max shoe of all time.
  • #38: The most productive way to deal with change, even “impossible” challenges of the day, is to harness their power for change AND TO INCREASE OUR LEVEL OF AMBITION PQs form Impossible Briefs because they harness our ambitions directly to our constraints. And that’s not intuitive, is it. Doesn’t one thwart the other? they are questions that set up what the psychologists call a “paradoxical frame” — two things that don’t belong naturally The tension and confusion is a trigger to creativity. It cannot be answered by anything we know today, so we can’t default to old habits. so if we’re open to it, and we believe it might be possible to answer it, then it PROPELS us down new solution paths. The most effective kind of question even increases the ambition to make the answering even harder than we’d imagine. Listen to Michael Hay of IKEA…
  • #39: Nike as a culture has made the journey from Victim to transformer so fully that they now look for constraints and challenges to their core business practices and heap change on themselves before others do it. After years of taking weight and material out of the running shoe Mark Parker asked for an order of magnitude shift in waste in response to sustainability issues  Nike Flyknit And same with water use  waterless dying in partnership with DyeCoo, which they and IKEA formed a JV around
  • #40: Nike has such confidence now in its ability to win that it releases its knowledge base to the rest of the industry in the Making app – they need to encourage a massive shift not just in their business but it the industry. And they recognize that they don’t know everything. No one knows everything, everyone knows something, knowledge resides in networks One way to move faster and better is to connect the nodes of the network – networks not hierarchies = user generating ideas, designing alongside clients etc
  • #41: What makes the constraint particularly beautiful is it helps further build community – not only did they get good photos, but happier community members getting work, meeting locals
  • #42: The most productive way to deal with change, even “impossible” challenges of the day, is to harness their power for change AND TO INCREASE OUR LEVEL OF AMBITION PQs form Impossible Briefs because they harness our ambitions directly to our constraints. And that’s not intuitive, is it. Doesn’t one thwart the other? they are questions that set up what the psychologists call a “paradoxical frame” — two things that don’t belong naturally The tension and confusion is a trigger to creativity. It cannot be answered by anything we know today, so we can’t default to old habits. so if we’re open to it, and we believe it might be possible to answer it, then it PROPELS us down new solution paths. The most effective kind of question even increases the ambition to make the answering even harder than we’d imagine. Listen to Michael Hay of IKEA…
  • #44: WHITE CIRCLES And TEXT BOXES editable Do t, n, v riff with Beirut – stages Nothing in our recent experience has prepared us to take on our toughest constraints Our habits – even good ones— eventually blind us to the opportunities Lock in
  • #46: Virgin had no $$ at launch – porter gale had to partner with people to create buzz and get people to share photos cabin interior
  • #48: What Assets do you have, or what things do we have that we can redefine as assets
  • #49: What Assets do you have, or what things do we have that we can redefine as assets
  • #51: Citizen M hotel lobbies are really Vitra showrooms — the hotel chain couldn’t afford to make them look this great, but Vitra couldn’t afford showrooms in major metros in the US… a deal was done
  • #60: Colin Kelly bans “Can’t because” Have to put “Can If” into the conversations. Change the dialog from whether it is possible to how it is possible. Inject optimism and keep the flow of ideas going
  • #62: Accompanied by in increase in brand energy… Depositioning of the rest of the category And Meredith’s point
  • #63: But now we’ve started to see a new generation of brands that don’t observe these tradeoffs In fact break through precisely because they don’t observe these trade-offs They take apparently irreconcilable poles, and satisfy both of them at the same time
  • #74: Adam - a basic correlation of the data is attached: looks good. I have inflation weighted the $ data using the US CPI index.   The correlation between real prod budget and Rotten tomatoes is a very strong negative correlation: -0.88  (-1 would be a perfect negative correlation). And the confidence test is good too: just short of 98%, meaning that you can be pretty damn certain that they are negatively correlated even though the number of data points is small (but you should get a real statistician to give you their point of view, as the tests one uses are to a degree a matter of philosophy and sophistication)   The correlation between real prod budget and real box office is less good but still strongish: -0.71. With a confidence level of 88% that they are genuinely negatively correlated (most researchers look for 90% confidence as a start point)