How Web Browsers Work
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The document explains how web browsers operate, detailing their interaction with web servers to access various document types through URLs. It outlines the client/server model, the request and response process, and the parsing of URLs and HTML. Additionally, it describes the rendering process of web pages and the technology involved, such as DNS and GPU acceleration.
![Architecture & Anatomy
• Web servers and browsers:
Web servers store variety of web compatible
documents and provide access to these on the
Internet or an intranet.
These documents are accessed using Web browsers
like Netscape and IE
• Palm tops, Laptops, PCs, workstations, etc.
• Web sites and URL:
One or more web servers identified with a unique web
site address on the Internet (e.g. www.iisc.ernet.in)
Documents available on a Web site are uniquely
identified using the URL scheme:
access protocol://host.domain [:port]/path/file
name
(Ex.: http://www.ncsi.iisc.ernet.in/ncsi/database.html
Anatomy of a web site:
• Hardware, software (OS, web server, CGI, database,
indexing and search, etc.)
• Dedicated Internet/intranet connectivity
• Information content: Documents stored in variety of
formats (HTML, SGML,PDF, databases, images,
audio, video, etc.)
HTML pages integrate access to this information
• Organized in a hierarchical manner
• Home page (root page) provides links to second level
HTML pages which in turn link to third level HTML pages,
and so on
• These pages may contain images and provide access to
databases through search forms, PDF files, audio and
video, etc. or link to documents on other servers](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/howwebbrowserswork-150106152008-conversion-gate01/85/How-Web-Browsers-Work-4-320.jpg)
How Web Browsers Work
- 1. How Web Browsers Work Presented By : Ankita Sharma
- 4. Architecture & Anatomy • Web servers and browsers: Web servers store variety of web compatible documents and provide access to these on the Internet or an intranet. These documents are accessed using Web browsers like Netscape and IE • Palm tops, Laptops, PCs, workstations, etc. • Web sites and URL: One or more web servers identified with a unique web site address on the Internet (e.g. www.iisc.ernet.in) Documents available on a Web site are uniquely identified using the URL scheme: access protocol://host.domain [:port]/path/file name (Ex.: http://www.ncsi.iisc.ernet.in/ncsi/database.html Anatomy of a web site: • Hardware, software (OS, web server, CGI, database, indexing and search, etc.) • Dedicated Internet/intranet connectivity • Information content: Documents stored in variety of formats (HTML, SGML,PDF, databases, images, audio, video, etc.) HTML pages integrate access to this information • Organized in a hierarchical manner • Home page (root page) provides links to second level HTML pages which in turn link to third level HTML pages, and so on • These pages may contain images and provide access to databases through search forms, PDF files, audio and video, etc. or link to documents on other servers
- 5. Operates on Client/ Server Model. The Technology Client on our Computer – Web BrowserWeb Browser contacts Web ServerRequests information and resources Web Server locates and sends the info to the web browser. Web browser displays the result to the User who requested the info.
- 6. Sounds Too Easy ?
- 7. Lets learn the process step by step.
- 8. User asks for the webpage. The request is taken by the Web browser. Web browser requests the DNS server. HTTP request is generated. HTTP response is received. The response is then rendered as display. Final display is the webpage as requested by the user.
- 9. • Parsing URL : protocol, domain • DNS request www.mozilla.org -> 63.245.208.161 • Open TCP connection, send HTTP request New Request Parsing : • resolve (a sentence) into its component parts and describe their syntactic roles. • analyse (a string or text) into logical syntactic components. Parsing the URL: Scheme Netloc Path Params Query Fragment
- 10. After the HTML file is located. HTML Parsing CSS Parsing
- 12. After the HTML file is located. DOM Tree CSS Style Tree
- 14. Render Tree
- 16. Render Layout
- 17. Painting the Web Page Used to be the term for CPU drawing the entire webpage according to the display. GPU or Graphical Processing Unit takes on this job providing the hardware acceleration.
- 18. Painting the Web Page
- 19. Painting the Web Page
- 20. Any Query ?
- 21. Thank You !