Http
- 1. Presentation on Web Technology Topic: HTTP server and HTTP protocol Course Code: CSE-502 May 14, 2015 IIT, University of Dhaka 1
- 2. Presented by: Md. Rakib Hossain, BSSE-0516 A. H. M. Azimul Haque, BSSE-0519 Md. Mahbub Islam, BSSE-0510 Md. Rashedul Islam, BSSE-0510 Submitted to: Mr. Amit Seal Ami Lecuturer, Institute of Information Technology University of Dhaka May 14, 2015 IIT, University of Dhaka 2
- 3. Is a system of interlinked hypertext documents Accessed via the Internet with a web browser Client/Server data transfer protocol Communication via application level protocol Run on standard networking infrastructure May 14, 2015 IIT, University of Dhaka 3
- 4. Internet World Wide Web The Internet is a global system of interconnected computer networks. Its access is provided by ISPs. It runs applications like www, ftp, html etc Web is collection of text documents and other resources, linked by hyperlinks and URLs Usually accessed by web browsers Its an application running on Internet May 14, 2015 IIT, University of Dhaka 4
- 5. Web page consists of objects Object can be HTML file, JPEG image, Java applet, audio file,… Web page consists of base HTML-file which includes several referenced objects Each object is addressable by a URL Example URL: www.someschool.edu/someDept/pic.gif host name path name May 14, 2015 IIT, University of Dhaka 5
- 6. <scheme> : //<host> :<port> /<path> ;<parameters> ?<query> #<fragment> Here scheme The protocol you are using host Host name or ip number port TCP port number that protocol server is using path Path and filename reference of object on server parameters Any specific parameters that object needs query Query string for a CGI program fragment Reference to a subset of an object May 14, 2015 IIT, University of Dhaka 6
- 7. HTTP: hypertext transfer protocol Web’s application layer protocol client/server model client: browser that requests, receives, “displays” Web objects server: Web server sends objects in response to requests HTTP 1.0: RFC 1945 HTTP 1.1: RFC 2068 PC running Explorer Server running Apache Web server Mac running Navigator May 14, 2015 IIT, University of Dhaka 7
- 8. Uses TCP: client initiates TCP connection (creates socket) to server, port 80 server accepts TCP connection from client HTTP messages (application-layer protocol messages) exchanged between browser (HTTP client) and Web server (HTTP server) HTTP – not worry about lost data; taken care of by TCP TCP connection closed HTTP is “stateless” server maintains no information about past client requests Protocols that maintain “state” are complex! past history (state) must be maintained if server/client crashes, their views of “state” may be inconsistent, must be reconciled May 14, 2015 IIT, University of Dhaka 8
- 9. HTTP connections Non-persistent HTTP At most one object is sent over a TCP connection. HTTP/1.0 uses nonpersistent HTTP May 14, 2015 IIT, University of Dhaka 9
- 10. HTTP connections Persistent HTTP Multiple objects can be sent over single TCP connection between client and server. HTTP/1.1 uses persistent connections in default mode May 14, 2015 IIT, University of Dhaka 10
- 11. Non-persistent HTTP Suppose user enters URL www.someSchool.edu/someDepartment/home.index 1a. HTTP client initiates TCP connection to HTTP server (process) at www.someSchool.edu on port 80 2. HTTP client sends HTTP request message (containing URL) into TCP connection socket. Message indicates that client wants object someDepartment/home.index 1b. HTTP server at host www.someSchool.edu waiting for TCP connection at port 80. “accepts” connection, notifying client 3. HTTP server receives request message, forms response message containing requested object, and sends message into its socket time (contains text, references to 10 jpeg images) May 14, 2015 IIT, University of Dhaka 11
- 12. Non-persistent HTTP 5. HTTP client receives response message containing html file, displays html. Parsing html file, finds 10 referenced jpeg objects 6. Steps 1-5 repeated for each of 10 jpeg objects 4. HTTP server closes TCP connection. TCP waits and terminates the connection when it knows that the message is received by the client time Serial vs. parallel TCP connections May 14, 2015 IIT, University of Dhaka 12
- 13. HTTP: Response time RTT: time to send a small packet to travel from client to server and back. May 14, 2015 IIT, University of Dhaka 13
- 14. 14 Non-Persistent HTTP: Response time Response time: one RTT to initiate TCP connection one RTT for HTTP request and first few bytes of HTTP response to return file transmission time total = 2RTT+transmit time May 14, 2015 IIT, University of Dhaka 14
- 15. Non-Persistent HTTP Non-persistent HTTP issues: requires 2 RTTs per object OS overhead for each TCP connection browsers often open parallel TCP connections to fetch referenced objects Serious burden on Web server May 14, 2015 IIT, University of Dhaka 15
- 16. Persistent HTTP Persistent HTTP server leaves connection open after sending response subsequent HTTP messages between same client/server sent over open connection Closes connection after TIMEOUT INTERVAL!!! May 14, 2015 IIT, University of Dhaka 16
- 17. Persistent Connection and Pipelining Persistent without pipelining: client issues new request only when previous response has been received one RTT for each referenced object Persistent with pipelining: default in HTTP/1.1 client sends requests as soon as it encounters a referenced object as little as one RTT for all the referenced objects May 14, 2015 IIT, University of Dhaka 17
- 18. Persistent Connection and Pipelining May 14, 2015 IIT, University of Dhaka 18
- 19. HTTP request message two types of HTTP messages: request, response HTTP request message: ASCII (human-readable format) GET /somedir/page.html HTTP/1.1 Host: www.someschool.edu User-agent: Mozilla/4.0 Connection: close Accept-language:fr (extra carriage return, line feed) request line (GET, POST, HEAD commands) header linesCarriage return, line feed indicates end of message May 14, 2015 IIT, University of Dhaka 19
- 20. HTTP request message Con… May 14, 2015 IIT, University of Dhaka 20
- 21. HTTP request message: general format May 14, 2015 IIT, University of Dhaka 21
- 22. Uploading form input Post method: Web page often includes form input Input is uploaded to server in entity body URL method: Uses GET method Input is uploaded in URL field of request line: www.somesite.com/animalsearch?monkeys&banana May 14, 2015 IIT, University of Dhaka 22
- 23. Method types HTTP/1.0 GET POST HEAD asks server to leave requested object out of response HTTP/1.1 GET, POST, HEAD PUT uploads file in entity body to path specified in URL field DELETE deletes file specified in the URL field May 14, 2015 IIT, University of Dhaka 23
- 24. HTTP response message HTTP/1.1 200 OK Connection close Date: Thu, 06 Aug 1998 12:00:15 GMT Server: Apache/1.3.0 (Unix) Last-Modified: Mon, 22 Jun 1998 …... Content-Length: 6821 Content-Type: text/html data data data data data ... status line (protocol status code status phrase) header lines data, e.g., requested HTML file May 14, 2015 IIT, University of Dhaka 24
- 25. HTTP response message con.. May 14, 2015 IIT, University of Dhaka 25
- 26. HTTP response status codes 200 OK request succeeded, requested object later in this message 301 Moved Permanently requested object moved, new location specified later in this message (Location:) 400 Bad Request request message not understood by server 404 Not Found requested document not found on this server 505 HTTP Version Not Supported In first line in server->client response message. A few sample codes: May 14, 2015 IIT, University of Dhaka 26
- 27. Trying out HTTP (client side) for yourself 1. Telnet to your favorite Web server: Opens TCP connection to port 80 (default HTTP server port) at cis.poly.edu. Anything typed in sent to port 80 at cis.poly.edu telnet cis.poly.edu 80 2. Type in a GET HTTP request: GET /~ross/ HTTP/1.1 Host: cis.poly.edu By typing this in (hit carriage return twice), you send this minimal (but complete) GET request to HTTP server 3. Look at response message sent by HTTP server! May 14, 2015 IIT, University of Dhaka 27
- 28. User-server state: cookies Many major Web sites use cookies Four components: 1) cookie header line of HTTP response message 2) cookie header line in HTTP request message 3) cookie file kept on user’s host, managed by user’s browser 4) back-end database at Web site May 14, 2015 IIT, University of Dhaka 28
- 29. User-server state: cookies Example: Susan access Internet always from same PC She visits a specific e-commerce site for first time When initial HTTP requests arrives at site, site creates a unique ID and creates an entry in backend database for ID May 14, 2015 IIT, University of Dhaka 29
- 30. Cookies: keeping “state” May 14, 2015 IIT, University of Dhaka 30
- 31. Web Cookies What cookies can bring: authorization shopping carts recommendations user session state (Web e- mail) Cookies and privacy: cookies permit sites to learn a lot about you you may supply name and e-mail to sites aside How to keep “state”: Protocol endpoints: maintain state at sender/receiver over multiple transactions cookies: http messages carry stateMay 14, 2015 IIT, University of Dhaka 31
- 32. Web caches (proxy server) user sets browser: Web accesses via cache browser sends all HTTP requests to cache object in cache: cache returns object else cache requests object from origin server, then returns object to client Goal: satisfy client request without involving origin server client Proxy server client origin server origin server May 14, 2015 IIT, University of Dhaka 32
- 33. More about Web caching Cache acts as both client and server Typically cache is installed by ISP (university, company, residential ISP) Why Web caching? Reduce response time for client request. Reduce traffic on an institution’s access link. Internet dense with caches: enables “poor” content providers to effectively deliver content (but so does P2P file sharing) May 14, 2015 IIT, University of Dhaka 33