Hybrid TSR-PSR in nonlinear EH half duplex network: system performance analysis

International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE)
Vol. 10, No. 2, April 2020, pp. 1255~1262
ISSN: 2088-8708, DOI: 10.11591/ijece.v10i2.pp1255-1262  1255
Journal homepage: http://ijece.iaescore.com/index.php/IJECE
Hybrid TSR-PSR in nonlinear EH half duplex
network: system performance analysis
Phu Tran Tin1
, Duy-Hung Ha2
, Tran Thanh Trang3
1
Faculty of Electronics Technology, Industrial University of Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
2
Wireless Communications Research Group, Faculty of Electrical and Electronics Engineering,
Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
.3
National Key Laboratory of Digital Control and System Engineering, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
Article Info ABSTRACT
Article history:
Received May 10, 2019
Revised Oct 9, 2019
Accepted Oct 15, 2019
Nowadays, harvesting energy (EH) from green environmental
sources and converting this energy into the electrical energy used in
purpose to supply the communication network devices is considered
the main research direction. In this research, we investigate
the hybrid TSR-PSR Nonlinear Energy Harvesting (EH) Half-duplex
(HD) Relaying network in terms of the Success Probability (SP).
For this purpose, we derive the integral-form of the system SP.
In addition, we use the Monte Carlo simulation for verifying
the correctness of the analytical expression. We can see in
the research results that all the simulation and analytical values are
the same in connection with all primary system parameters.
Keywords:
Energy harvesting (EH)
Half-duplex (HD)
Monte Carlo simulation
Relaying network
Success probability (SP) Copyright © 2020 Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science.
All rights reserved.
Corresponding Author:
Duy-Hung Ha,
Wireless Communications Research Group,
Faculty of Electrical and Electronics Engineering,
Ton Duc Thang University,
Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
Email: haduyhung@tdtu.edu.vn
1. INTRODUCTION
Nowadays, harvesting energy (EH) from green environmental sources and converting this energy
into the electrical energy used in purpose to supply the communication network devices is considered
the main research direction. Furthermore, this solution can provide not only the environmentally friendly
energy supplies, but also the self-maintained, long-lived, and autonomous communication systems.
In the series of the leading environmental green energy sources, such as solar, wind, geothermal, and
mechanical, the radio frequency (RF) signals can be considered as the prospective energy source in
the future. [1-9]. Wireless nodes can harvest RF energy either in the time domain before data reception, or in
the power domain by dividing the received RF signals for the EH and information decoding (ID) [9-12].
In a cooperative network, authors in [13-16] developed two new relaying protocols based on the receiver
structures adopted at R, termed time switching-based relaying (TSR) and power splitting-based relaying
(PSR). From [14-16], the TSR and PSR protocols have some drawbacks; for instance, TSR has to lose some
information while it switches to the harvesting mode and PSR has a low coverage area. In another way, PSR
requires a complicated hardware structure to make sure that a proper portion of energy from the source signal
is extracted for energy harvesting. In contrast, TSR can simplify the hardware at the expense of
the throughput or achievable rate of the system. Based on the fact that both TSR and PSR protocols have
their drawbacks, the prospective idea is to combine these two protocols to get the best out of them. This is
a solution that can obtain in this paper by using an adaptive relaying protocol [17-18].

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Int J Elec & Comp Eng, Vol. 10, No. 2, April 2020 : 1255 - 1262
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In this research, we investigate the hybrid TDR-PSR Nonlinear Energy Harvesting (EH) Half-
duplex (HD) Relaying network in terms of the Success Probability (SP). For this purpose, we derive
the integral form of the SP in connection with all primary system parameters. Also, we use the Monte Carlo
simulation for verifying the correctness of the analytical expression. We can focus on the main contributions
as the follows
a. The hybrid TDR-PSR Nonlinear EH HD Relaying network is proposed and investigated.
b. The integral-form expressions of the system SP are derived.
c. The correctness of the analytical expressions are verified by the Monte Carlo simulation.
2. SYSTEM MODEL
In this paper, the hybrid TDR-PSR Nonlinear EH HD Relaying network is illustrated in Figure 1.
In this model, the information is transferred from the source (S) to the multi-destination (Di), through relay
node (R). The energy harvesting (EH) and information transmission (IT) of the system model are proposed in
Figure 2. As shown in Figure 2, T is the block time. In the first interval time (αT), the relay node R harvests
energy ρPs and receives the information (1-ρ)Ps from the source signal, where α is the time switching factor
α ∈ (0, 1) and ρ is the power splitting factor ρ ∈ (0, 1). In the remaining interval time (1-α) T, the relay node
R transfers information to the destination node D [12-16].
Energy Harvesting
(EH)
Information transmission
(IT)
S D
R
SRh
RDh
Figure 1. System model
EH at R
IT
RàD
(1-α)T
T
αT
SP
IT: SàR
(1 ) SP
Figure 2. The EH and ITphases
2.1. Energy harvesting (EH) phase
In this phase, the received signal at the relay R can be given as
r s SR s ry P h x n  (1)
Where sx is the energy symbol and must be satisfied  2
1sx  which    is the expectation operator.
Ps is the transmit power of the source.
nr is the additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) at the relay node with variance N0.
hSR is channel gain between S-R link and belongs to Rayleigh channel.
In this paper, the nonlinear transformation model proposed in reference [19] is used.
The transmission power at the relay can be given as
2 2
2
,
,
s SR s SR th
r
th s SR th
P h P h P
P
P P h P


 

 
(2)

Int J Elec & Comp Eng ISSN: 2088-8708 
Hybrid TSR-PSR in nonlinear EH half duplex network: system performance analysis (Phu Tran Tin)
1257
Where we denote
1





, thP is the saturation threshold of the rechargeable power of the hardware
circuit.
2.2. Information transmission (IT) phase
The received signal at the relay R in the first time slot can be calculated as
(1 )r s SR s ry P h x n   (3)
In the second time slot, after receiving the signal from the source R, the relay amplifíes with 
factor as following
2
0
1
(1 )
r
r s SR
x
y P h N


 
 
(4)
The received signal at the destination D can be formulated as
d r RD r dy P h x n  (5)
Where rx is the transmission signal at relay and must be satisfied  2
1rx  , nd is the additive white
Gaussian noise (AWGN) at the relay node with variance N0, hRD is channel gain between R-D link and also
belongs to Rayleigh channel.
Substituting (4) into (5) and then combine with (3), (5) can be rewritten as
(1 )
(1 )
d r RD r d r RD s SR s r d
s SR s r RD r RD r d
noisesignal
y P h y n P h P h x n n
P h x P h P h n n
  
  
       
   
(6)
The end to end signal to noise ratio can be computed as
2 2 2 22
2 2 2 22
0 0 0 0 0
2 2
2
2 0
0
(1 ) (1 )
(1 )
(1 )
(1 )
r s SR RD r s SR RD
e e
r RD r RD s SR
s SR RD
s SR
RD
r
P P h h P P h h
P h N N P h N N P h N
P h h
P h N
h N
P
  

 


 
 
    
 




(7)
3. THE SYSTEM PERFORMANCE
The successful probability (SP) can be defined as
 
2 2
2 2
2 0
0
(1 )
Pr Pr
(1 )
s SR RD
e e th th
s SR
RD
r
P h h
SP
P h N
h N
P

  

 
 
       
 
(8)
Where th is the threshold of the system.

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Substituting (2) into (8), (8) can be obtained as
2 2
2
2 0
0
2 2
2
2
2 0
0
1 2
(1 )
Pr ,
(1 )
(1 )
Pr ,
(1 )
s SR RD
th s SR th
RD
s SR RD
th s SR th
s SR
RD
th
P h h
SP P h P
N
h N
P h h
P h P
P h N
h N
P
P P








 
 
   
  
 
 
 
      
 
 
(9)
Where we denote
2 2
2
1
2 0
0
(1 )
Pr ,
(1 )
s SR RD
th s SR th
RD
P h h
P P h P
N
h N




 
 
   
  
 
(10)
We denote
2 2
,SR RDX h Y h  and
0
sP
N
  , th
s
P
P
  .
The (10) can be rewritten as
1
0
( )
(1 ) (1 )
Pr , Pr ( )
(1 ) (1 )th th X
x
XY xY
P X f x dx
Y Y

 
  
 
 

   
      
             
   
 (11)
Here, considering that
 
 
 
(1 )(1 )
( ) Pr Pr (1 )
(1 )
(1 )
Pr ,
(1 ) (1 )
0 ,
(1 )
(1 )
exp ,
(1 ) (1 )
0 ,
(1 )
th
th th
th th
th
th
rd th th
th
th
xY
x Y x
Y
Y x
x
x
x
x
x
 
  
 

  
   


   
   


 
     
             
 
  
   
        

  
  
   
        


 

(12)
Where rd is the mean value of the random variable (RV)
2
RDh .

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We assume that
(1 )
th



 
and then substituting (12) into (11), we have
 
 1
(1 )
(1 )
exp exp
(1 )th
rd th
sr sr
th
P x dx
x



  
 
  
 
 
    
    
 (13)
Now, we will find P2 from (9) as the following
2
( )
(1 ) (1 )
Pr , Pr ( )
(1 ) (1 )th th X
x
XY xY
P X f x dx
X x
Y Y
 
  
 
 


   
      
       
           
 (14)
Where
 
 
 
(1 )(1 )
( ) Pr Pr (1 )
(1 )
(1 )
Pr ,
(1 ) (1 )
0 ,
(1 )
(1 )
exp ,
(1 ) (1 )
0 ,
th
th th
th th
th
th
rd th th
th
xxY
x Y x
x
Y
x
Y x
x
x
x
x
x
x
 
  
 

  
   


   
   

 
    
            
  
   
   
        

  
  
  
      

(1 )
th






  
(15)
Substituting (15) into (14), P2 can be claimed as
 2
(1 )
exp exp( )
(1 )
rd th
sr sr
th
x
P x dx
x
  
 
  

  
    
    
 (16)
Finally, we can obtain the SP as following
 
 
 
(1 )
(1 )
exp exp
(1 )
(1 )
exp exp( )
(1 )
th
rd th
sr sr
th
rd th
sr sr
th
SP x dx
x
x
x dx
x




  
 
  
  
 
  
 

 
    
    
  
    
    


(17)
4. NUMERICAL RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
In this section, the Monte Carlo simulation is used for validating the analytical expression in
the above section [20-25]. Figure 3 shows the SC versus time switching factor α with the main system
parameters as η=0.4, 0.85; ψ=Pth= 5 dB; ρ=0.5 and γth=0.25. From Figure 3 we can state that the SP of
the system network has a massive increase while time switching factor α varies from 0 to 0.9, and
the simulation and analytical values are the same. Moreover, the effect of energy efficiency η on the system
SP. Here, we set α=0.5; ρ=0.5 and γth=0.25. Similarity as Figure 4, the system SP increases significantly with
the rising of energy efficiency η, and the analytical results agree with the simulation values.

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Furthermore, the influence of Pth and ψ on the system SP are drawn in Figures 5 and 6, respectively.
From the results, we can see that the system SP increases considerably with the rising of Pth and ψ.
In addition, the system SP versus the power splitting factor ρ is presented in Figure 7. From Figure 7, we can
see that the system SP has a considerable increase in the first interval of ρ and the has a decease. The optimal
value of the system SP can be obtained with the values of ρ from 0.5 to 0.6. In all Figures 5-7, the simulation
values match well with the analytical values for verifying the correctness of the analytical expressions.
Figure 3. SP versus α Figure 4. SP versus η
Figure 5. SP versus Pth Figure 6. SP versus ψ
Figure 7. SP versus ρ

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5. CONCLUSION
In this research, we investigate the hybrid TDR-PSR Nonlinear Energy EH HD Relaying network in
terms of the SP. Firstly, we derive the integral form of the SP in connection with all primary system
parameters. In addition, we use the Monte Carlo simulation for verifying the correctness of the analytical
expression. From the research results, we can state that all the simulation and analytical values are the same
in connection with all primary system parameters.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
This research was supported by National Key Laboratory of Digital Control and System
Engineering (DCSELAB), HCMUT, VNU-HCM, Vietnam.
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