Smart Sensor Configuration for Security System Automation Using FPGA

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR TRENDS IN ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY
VOLUME 4 ISSUE 2 – APRIL 2015 - ISSN: 2349 - 9303
46
Smart Sensor Configuration for Security
System Automation Using FPGA
M.Dhivya Bharathi1
PG Scholar, Sona College of Technology,
VLSI Design,
divyabharathi27@gmail.com
V.Meenakshi2
Assistant Professor, Sona College of Technology,
VLSI Design,
meena.vijay27@gmail.com
Abstract--- Automation in industrial control and monitoring systems plays a vital role in maintaining smooth work
environment and handling perilous situation that may occur in work area. The available systems mostly use physical cables
for signal transfer between the sensors and the control system. These systems have some significant problems such as the
cable installation and maintenance costs associated with moving and replacement of cables during machinery maintenance,
configuration and re-configuration. While the technological evolution of sensors is reflected in sensors getting smart, small,
light weight, and cheapest, another key development is taking place in the sensors industry in the growth of wireless sensor
use in industrial applications. The proposed wireless sensor-based controls provide industry attention in order to reduce costs,
better power management and ease in maintenance. Wireless sensors have been successfully implemented in many industrial
applications because of its performance, monitoring, security development and control the sensor system etc.
Index Terms--- Temperature sensor, Turbidity sensor, light detecting resistors, GSM Wireless Module.
1 INTRODUCTION
Wireless transmission of data in industrial
applications using sensors has been used for a long time but
recently it has gained more importance, with attention from
both market leaders and medium- and small-sized Industries.
Successful use of wireless sensors in systems such as FPGA
Controller proved that these devices could effectively
address the needs of industrial applications nowadays. it is
the most critical process, and its application in wireless
network and also monitoring the temperature, Gas,
Turbidity level, and Light intensity parameters in the
system. With the advancement of hardware and software,
industrial safety systems have been widely used in many
industrial areas. Industrial safety systems can use sensors to
gather information about the environment or the condition of
machines, after that based on the information from sensors
to control and monitor the condition in the environment.
An industrial application provides a scope of growth in
wireless sensor network, but this growth cannot be achieved
without overcoming some of the key challenges facing the
market.
• Multivendor equipment used in system
• Demand can be rectified in industrial-safety-
rated using wireless devices
• Lack of adequate open bandwidth
• Because of its network size and hopping
challenge
• Constantly evolving g standards
2 INTERNETS OF THINGS IN INDUSTRIES
As an emerging technology, the Internet of Things (IoT) is
expected to offer promising solutions to transform the
operation and role of many existing industrial systems such
as transportation systems and manufacturing systems. For
example, when IoT is used for creating intelligent
transportation systems, the transportation authority will be
able to track each vehicle‘ in the system, it can be used to
monitor the vehicles movement and predict the accident in
road traffic. The term IoT was initially proposed to refer to
uniquely identifiable inters operable connected objects with
radio-frequency identification (RFID) technology. The
researchers relate IoT with more technologies such as
sensors, actuators, GPS devices, and mobile devices. A
number of industrial IoT projects have been conducted in
areas such as agriculture, food processing industry,
environmental monitoring, security surveillance, and others.
Internet of Things (IoT) makes all objects become
interconnected and smarter, which has been recognized in
the technological revolution. In Internet technologies and
Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN), a new trend in the era of
ubiquity is being realized. More number of increase in users
of Internet and medications on the internet working
technologies and to enable the networking of everyday

47
objects [1]. ―Internet of Things (IoT)‖ is all about physical
items talking to each other, machine-to-machine
communications and also person-to-computer
communications will be extended to ―things‖ [2], [3]. Key
technologies that will drive the future IoT will be related to
Smart sensor technologies which also including the WSN,
Nanotechnology and also Miniaturization.
3 PROPOSED SYSTEM
The proposed system is composed of three main
components—a wireless sensor hardware interface, system
integration framework (FPGA Controller) and GSM
module, which facilitates the defining of interaction between
sensors/actuators based on process needs. A variety of
industrial sensors (Temperature, Gas, Turbidity, light
intensity, etc.), and actuators have been interfaced and
successfully tested with the platform.
Fig 1 Block diagram for the Proposed System
3.1 Temperature Sensor
This sensor is used to detect Temperature or heat.
temperature sensor vary from simple ON/OFF thermostatic
devices and also used to control a domestic hot water
heating system ,which is highly sensitive semiconductor
types that can control complex process in the control furnace
plants. These sensors use a solid-state technique to
determine the temperature. In this fact temperature
increases, the voltage across a diode also increases in known
rate. This is actually the voltage drop between the base and
emitter - the Vbe - of a transistor. It is easy to generate an
analog signal that is directly proportional to temperature in
this system. it have some improvements in the technique
but, essentially is to measure temperature . Because these
sensors have no moving parts and they are not precise
which are never wear out also don't have to need calibration
of work under many environmental conditions, and its
consistent between sensors and readings of device .
Moreover they are very inexpensive and quite easy to use
for our environmental condition.
• Industry standard compatibility.
• Feature-rich, integrated nonvolatile memory
3.2 CO2 Sensor
Fixed Smoke sensors are used in mall, factories and shops
etc. According to the mechanism of operations, Gas sensors
may be a Semiconductor device, the Catalytic, an Oxidation
and also an Infrared sensor types. The Gas sensor has a cap
on top and a base element and also has a sensing element. In
this sensing element have a sensing material which have a
heater to heat up the sensing material. When the Tin Oxide
is heated to high temperature, it adsorbs oxygen on its
surface also with a negative charge. When the donor
electrons from the Tin oxide crystals, it can passes into the
adsorbed oxygen and leaving the positive charge in a space
charge layer. This can creates a surface potential in the
circuit which prevents more electron flow. Inside the sensor,
the current can flows through the boundary of Tin oxide
crystals. In the boundary of the crystals, adsorbed oxygen
forms a barrier region to prevent the free moving of
electrons. This potential barrier provides the electrical
resistance to the sensor.
3.3 Turbidity Sensor
Turbidity Sensor to measure the turbidity of freshwater or
seawater samples and determine water quality. Turbidity is
the term used to describe the reduction in water clarity or
"cloudiness" as perceived by the human eye caused by the
scattering of light due to particulate matter suspended in
solution. The greater turbidity, the more cloudy is the water.
Increases in turbidity reduce the transmission of light
.Turbidity Sensor, which along with a micro controller unit
which takes care of turbidity measurements. Crafted with
plastic material and some metal-alloy traces can be used,
turbidity sensor uses light to convey information in water.
Once the turbidity is more than the safety level should
preprogrammed at FPGA controller, the controller decodes
beep alarms through the headset speaker connected with
controller. The turbidity sensor in this implementation has
been used for water quality testing and management, river
monitoring, stream measurement, reservoir water quality
testing, groundwater testing, water and wastewater
treatment, and effluent and industrial control.

48
3.4 Light Intensity Sensor
A light sensor is a device for measuring the
intensity of light. One of the most common and least
expensive detectors which can be used in building a light
sensor that is a photo resistor. Photo resistors, also called as
light detecting resistors (LDR) are made with cadmium
sulfide (CdS) cells that are sensitive to visible and also near
with infrared light sensor. The resistance of material CdS
cell varies inversely with the amount of light incident and
the brightness if light causes a low resistance between the
two leads of the cell while low light results in a higher
resistance. There are many applications for light sensors,
such as flame detector, and security systems, also a lighting
control, and robotics, etc. In these applications, the sensor
produces an analog output, which can be interfacing this
type of sensor used in microcontroller will require a
conventional analog-to-digital converter in this circuit.
4 HARDWARE IMPLEMENTATION
Fig 2 Embedded kits for Security System
The hardware units here is made of temperature sensor
LM35, gas sensor MQ2, Light Intensity Sensor(LDR),ADC
module, FPGA, GSM modem, Alarm indication.
4.1 ADC Module
FPGA are digital in nature. It can only differentiate
between HIGH or LOW level in the input pins. For example,
if input is more than 2.5v then it is assumed as 1 and if the
input is below than 2.5 then it is assumed as 0 in this case of
5v in the systems). Any analog values cannot be directly
measured from the sensor network. To solve this problem
ADC unit is used. ADC stands for analog to digital
converter. It will convert an analog value to a digital
(number) so that this digital value can be processed by a
FPGA. All the sensor outputs are given to the ADC
converter which converts analog value into digital values
(i.e. 0‘s and 1‘s). Most important specification of ADCs is
the resolution. The ADCs helps to accurately measure the
analog input signals in the circuit. Other specification also
includes in the sampling rate that means ADC can take reads
fast in the circuit.
4.2 FPGA
The FPGA used to implement this system is a
Spartan III from Xilinx; this device gives the node a big
freedom to adapt to new applications, and makes the system
versatile in its processing capabilities. The main feature of
FPGAs is concurrency. This allows the processing layer to
manage complex digital sensors in a fast way and the FPGA
processes the most complex signals. The FPGA needs three
different power voltages, specifically 3.3, 2.5 and 1.2 V.
4.3 GSM Modem
GSM was designed with a moderate level of security in
network services. The system was designed with
authentication of the subscriber using a pre-shared key and
also challenge-response of network service.
Communications between the subscriber and the base station
can be encrypted. In our proposed system the message will
be passed to the employees. Once the temperature, smoke,
turbidity and light intensity level is more than the safety
level as preprogrammed in FPGA controller. The main
characteristics of GSM network is simple in design and easy
to implement, which requires low power of consumption
and low cost in Interface of circuits and reduce redundancy
of devices. It also allows the network to work with a great
number of active devices.
4.4 Alarm Indication
When an alarm warning is triggered, the main
controller sends a message to a list of recipients who are the
employees of the industry. The body of the message
contains information about the incident which is going to
happen inside the industry. Once the temperature is more
than the safety level as preprogrammed at FPGA controller,
and this controller can decodes the beep alarms sound start
rings through the headset speaker connected with controller.
Again, once the measured smoke value is more than the
safety level as preprogrammed at FPGA controller, it

49
decodes in different type of beep alarm used in network and
gas concentration also causes the safety level in the system.
Microcontroller can decodes siren alarms and the same for
light intensity level. In all such cases, this will send an alarm
through an urgent message and alarm sound to the ground
control terminal through GSM.
5 RESULT AND DISCUSSIONS
Simulation (shown in fig. 3) is done using Xilinx
13.2i. During the simulation sensor inputs are manually
forced to the value for various real time situations in the
industry. The simulation result shows more accurate
decision are taken depending upon the environment and
given input conditions. The data to the GSM transmitter is
also generated during the simulation process.
.
Fig 3 Simulation Result of Smart Sensor System
6 CONCLUSION
In the proposed system the implementation is made
by integrating FPGA, wireless sensor network and GSM
network. In the industry the control of machinery plays a
key role for a profitable and optimum production. Wireless
Control using GSM ensures uninterrupted connectivity and
Superior Control. The GSM Modem comes with a serial
interface through which the modem can be controlled using
AT command interface. It can detect the surrounding nodes
(sensors) and communicate with each other nodes. The
simulation has been done and the implementation is made
using FPGA Kit. The proposed system is more safety
because of systematic approach is implemented for
monitoring and control.
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Smart Sensor Configuration for Security System Automation Using FPGA

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Smart Sensor Configuration for Security System Automation Using FPGA