ICT-Binary & Memory Computer Subject Topic
- 1. Topic 14 Binary & Memory
- 2. Technical Terms Bit - a fundamental unit of information having just two possible values, as either of the binary digits 0 or 1. Byte - a unit of digital information in computing and telecommunications that most commonly consists of eight bits.
- 3. Technical Terms Capacitor – an electronic component that stores electricity charge Transistors – an electronic component that can be used as switching device. Hertz (Hz) – the clock rate of CPU wherein one Hz is equal to one cycle per second
- 4. Binary Digit Binary means two (2). All input to the computer is converted into binary numbers made up of two digits zero (0) and one (1). A single digit in a binary numbers is called bit or binary digit, the smallest element of the computer. The bit is physically a transistor or capacitor in a memory cell, a magnetic domain on disk drive, a reflective spot on optical media or a high or low voltage pulsating through a circuit such as in network transmission.
- 5. Binary Digit When a computer needs to represent a number or a letter in the alphabet, it will group 8 bits together to make a single byte. Remember that a bit can only be 1 or 0, so a group of eight 1’s and 0’s will be a single byte.
- 6. Binary Digit In binary sequence, whether it be numbers, uppercase letters, lowercase letters, or any other alphanumeric sequence, you have to read the binary from right to left. You should be seeing a pattern.
- 7. Binary Digit Convert Decimal Numbers to Binary To convert a decimal number to binary, do the following: 1. Divide the number by 2 2. Get the quotient and the remainder. 3. Bring down the quotient, divide it by 2. 4. Get the quotient and the remainder again 5. Do it repeatedly until the quotient results to 0. 6. Copy the remainder from bottom to top, and that is the binary equivalent.
- 9. BYTES A group of 8 bits is called byte which symbol is B and is equivalent to one alphanumeric character, an asterisk sign or a decimal point. It is a unit of measurement for memory RAM and storage component like hard drive, files, and databases. Drives and memory are rated in bytes Example: 500GB Hard drive – 500 Billion of characters 2 GB of RAM – 2 Billion of characters (temporarily)
- 10. BYTES When you start talking about lots of bytes, you get into prefixes like K, M, G as kilo, mega, and giga respectively.
- 11. BYTES
- 12. Once we know the size of a file or folder, it is possible to determine the number of bytes being used. For example, a file is 2MB in size 1 MB = 1,048,576 bytes 2 x 1,048,576 = 2,097,152 bytes in a 2MB file Assuming all the files have size of 2MB each, then 1 GB (1,073,741,824) memory card can approximately hold 521 files Storage Capacity = Approximate no. of files File Size 1,073,741,824 = 512 Files 2,097,152