![International Journal of Modern Research in Engineering & Management (IJMREM)
||Volume|| 1||Issue|| 6 ||Pages|| 53-59 || June 2018|| ISSN: 2581-4540
www.ijmrem.com IJMREM Page 53
Results of 2017 monitoring of atmospheric air pollution in Tbilisi,
Georgia
1,
E.Bakradze, 2,
G.Kuchava, 3,
M.Arabidze, 4,
I.khomeriki, 5,
Q.Kvatashidze
National Environmental Agency of the Ministry of Environment Protection and Agriculture of Georgia
---------------------------------------------------------ABSTRACT-------------------------------------------------
In the work is discussed in results of air pollution monitoring on four stations and passive sampling in 2017. In
Tbilisi in some cases high concentrations of some pollutants have been identified. An air pollutant is a
substance in the air that can have adverse effects on humans and the ecosystem. The substance can be solid
particles, liquid droplets, or gases. A pollutant can be of natural origin or man-made. Pollutants are classified
as primary or secondary. Primary pollutants are usually produced from a process, such as ash from a volcanic
eruption. Other examples include carbon monoxide gas from motor vehicle exhaust, or the sulfur
dioxide released from factories. Secondary pollutants are not emitted directly. Rather, they form in the air when
primary pollutants react or interact. Ground level ozone is a prominent example of a secondary pollutant. Some
pollutants may be both primary and secondary: they are both emitted directly and formed from other primary
pollutants [1].
The average concentration of each contaminant is given in Table 1.
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Date of Submission: Date, 01 May 2018 Date of Publication: 05 May 2018
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Table 1. Average concentration of pollutants recorded at the background automated station in Tbilisi
Monitoring of atmospheric air in Tbilisi was carried out by three automated stations, located in Tsereteli ave.,
Kazbegi ave. and in Varketili. At the above-mentioned stations were measured the concentrations of the
following pollutants: PM10, PM2.5, carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxide and dioxide, NOX and
ozone.
Average annual concentrations for each contaminant are given in Table 2.
Table 2. Average annual concentrations of pollutants observed on automated stations in Tbilisi
Observation
Points Nitrogen
dioxide
NO2
Nitrogen
Oxide
NO
NOx
Carbon
monoxide
CO
Ozone
O3
mg/m3
Vashlijvari 0.023 0.035 0.074 3.0 0.044
Observation
Points
PM10 PM2.5
Nitrogen
dioxide
NO2
Nitrogen
oxide
NO
NOx
Carbon
monoxide
CO
Sulfur
dioxide
SO2
Ozone
O3
mg/m3
Tsereteli ave. N105 0.059 0.026 0.058 0.085 0.0143 1.0 0.024 0.027
Al.Kazbegi Ave.
Red garden
0.041 0.018 0.037 0.020 0.057 0.5 0.006 0.041
Varketili III, I MkR 0.039 0.020 0.029 0.017 0.046 0.5 0.008 0.055](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/ijmremg016053059-180924135043/85/Implementation-of-Social-Networks-as-a-Digital-Communication-Tool-in-Social-Supermarkets-1-320.jpg)
![Results of 2017 monitoring of atmospheric air…
www.ijmrem.com IJMREM Page 56
Fig. 6. SO2- concentrations, mg/m3
Fig. 7. Ozone concentrations, mg/m3
It is also noteworthy that in 2017, in May, July, September and November, for the purpose of determining the
atmospheric air quality in Georgia, including in Tbilisi, four stages of atmospheric air pollution passive
sampling were conducted. According to the methodology indicator tubes were placed (two weeks) in pre-
selected points for different settlements. The analyzes were made in UK Accredited Laboratory [2]. At different
points of the city, the samples were taken for identification of different contaminants (nitrogen and sulfur
dioxides, ozone and benzene). Assessment of the concentrations of accepted concentrations was achieved by the
harmonized system with EU atmospheric air quality indicators for each pollutant 10 levels of pollution, 1-3 is
low index, 4-6 medium, 7-9 - high and 10 - very high (Table 3).
Table 3.
Ground ozone (O3)
Index 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Limit Low Low Low
Avera
ge
Avera
ge
Avera
ge
High High High
Very
high
µ/m3 0-39 40-79
80-
120
121-
147
148-
174
175-
200
201-
234
235-
267
268-
300
301≤
Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2)
0.000
0.005
0.010
0.015
0.020
0.025
0.030
0.035
0.040
I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X XI XII
mg/m3 SO2
Tsereteli
Kazbegi
Varketili
0.000
0.010
0.020
0.030
0.040
0.050
0.060
0.070
0.080
II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X XI XII
mg/m3 O3
Tsereteli
Kazbegi
Varketili
Vashlijvari](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/ijmremg016053059-180924135043/85/Implementation-of-Social-Networks-as-a-Digital-Communication-Tool-in-Social-Supermarkets-4-320.jpg)
Implementation of Social Networks as a Digital Communication Tool in Social Supermarkets
- 1. International Journal of Modern Research in Engineering & Management (IJMREM) ||Volume|| 1||Issue|| 6 ||Pages|| 53-59 || June 2018|| ISSN: 2581-4540 www.ijmrem.com IJMREM Page 53 Results of 2017 monitoring of atmospheric air pollution in Tbilisi, Georgia 1, E.Bakradze, 2, G.Kuchava, 3, M.Arabidze, 4, I.khomeriki, 5, Q.Kvatashidze National Environmental Agency of the Ministry of Environment Protection and Agriculture of Georgia ---------------------------------------------------------ABSTRACT------------------------------------------------- In the work is discussed in results of air pollution monitoring on four stations and passive sampling in 2017. In Tbilisi in some cases high concentrations of some pollutants have been identified. An air pollutant is a substance in the air that can have adverse effects on humans and the ecosystem. The substance can be solid particles, liquid droplets, or gases. A pollutant can be of natural origin or man-made. Pollutants are classified as primary or secondary. Primary pollutants are usually produced from a process, such as ash from a volcanic eruption. Other examples include carbon monoxide gas from motor vehicle exhaust, or the sulfur dioxide released from factories. Secondary pollutants are not emitted directly. Rather, they form in the air when primary pollutants react or interact. Ground level ozone is a prominent example of a secondary pollutant. Some pollutants may be both primary and secondary: they are both emitted directly and formed from other primary pollutants [1]. The average concentration of each contaminant is given in Table 1. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Date of Submission: Date, 01 May 2018 Date of Publication: 05 May 2018 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Table 1. Average concentration of pollutants recorded at the background automated station in Tbilisi Monitoring of atmospheric air in Tbilisi was carried out by three automated stations, located in Tsereteli ave., Kazbegi ave. and in Varketili. At the above-mentioned stations were measured the concentrations of the following pollutants: PM10, PM2.5, carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxide and dioxide, NOX and ozone. Average annual concentrations for each contaminant are given in Table 2. Table 2. Average annual concentrations of pollutants observed on automated stations in Tbilisi Observation Points Nitrogen dioxide NO2 Nitrogen Oxide NO NOx Carbon monoxide CO Ozone O3 mg/m3 Vashlijvari 0.023 0.035 0.074 3.0 0.044 Observation Points PM10 PM2.5 Nitrogen dioxide NO2 Nitrogen oxide NO NOx Carbon monoxide CO Sulfur dioxide SO2 Ozone O3 mg/m3 Tsereteli ave. N105 0.059 0.026 0.058 0.085 0.0143 1.0 0.024 0.027 Al.Kazbegi Ave. Red garden 0.041 0.018 0.037 0.020 0.057 0.5 0.006 0.041 Varketili III, I MkR 0.039 0.020 0.029 0.017 0.046 0.5 0.008 0.055
- 2. Results of 2017 monitoring of atmospheric air… www.ijmrem.com IJMREM Page 54 Fig. 1-7 shows the average monthly concentrations of pollutants defined on automated stations. Fig. 1. PM10 concentrations, mg/m3 Fig. 2. PM2.5 concentrations, mg/m3 Fig. 3. NO2- concentrations, mg/m3 0.000 0.010 0.020 0.030 0.040 0.050 0.060 0.070 0.080 0.090 I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X XI XII mg/m3 PM10 Tsereteli Kazbegi Varketili 0.000 0.005 0.010 0.015 0.020 0.025 0.030 0.035 0.040 0.045 0.050 I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X XI XII mg/m3 PM2.5 Tsereteli Kazbegi Varketili 0.000 0.010 0.020 0.030 0.040 0.050 0.060 0.070 I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X XI XII mg/m3 NO2 Tsereteli Kazbegi Varketili Vashlijvari
- 3. Results of 2017 monitoring of atmospheric air… www.ijmrem.com IJMREM Page 55 Fig. 4. NO concentrations, mg/m3 Fig. 5. NOx- concentrations, mg/m3 0.000 0.020 0.040 0.060 0.080 0.100 0.120 0.140 0.160 I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X XI XII mg/m3 NO Tsereteli Kazbegi Varketili Vashlijvari 0.000 0.050 0.100 0.150 0.200 0.250 I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X XI XII mg/m3 NOx Tsereteli Kazbegi Varketili Vashlijvari
- 4. Results of 2017 monitoring of atmospheric air… www.ijmrem.com IJMREM Page 56 Fig. 6. SO2- concentrations, mg/m3 Fig. 7. Ozone concentrations, mg/m3 It is also noteworthy that in 2017, in May, July, September and November, for the purpose of determining the atmospheric air quality in Georgia, including in Tbilisi, four stages of atmospheric air pollution passive sampling were conducted. According to the methodology indicator tubes were placed (two weeks) in pre- selected points for different settlements. The analyzes were made in UK Accredited Laboratory [2]. At different points of the city, the samples were taken for identification of different contaminants (nitrogen and sulfur dioxides, ozone and benzene). Assessment of the concentrations of accepted concentrations was achieved by the harmonized system with EU atmospheric air quality indicators for each pollutant 10 levels of pollution, 1-3 is low index, 4-6 medium, 7-9 - high and 10 - very high (Table 3). Table 3. Ground ozone (O3) Index 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Limit Low Low Low Avera ge Avera ge Avera ge High High High Very high µ/m3 0-39 40-79 80- 120 121- 147 148- 174 175- 200 201- 234 235- 267 268- 300 301≤ Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2) 0.000 0.005 0.010 0.015 0.020 0.025 0.030 0.035 0.040 I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X XI XII mg/m3 SO2 Tsereteli Kazbegi Varketili 0.000 0.010 0.020 0.030 0.040 0.050 0.060 0.070 0.080 II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X XI XII mg/m3 O3 Tsereteli Kazbegi Varketili Vashlijvari
- 5. Results of 2017 monitoring of atmospheric air… www.ijmrem.com IJMREM Page 57 Index 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Limit Low Low Low Avera ge Avera ge Avera ge High High High Very high µ/m3 0-13 14-26 27-40 41-54 55-67 68-80 81-93 94- 106 107- 120 121≤ Benzene (C6H6) Index 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Limit Low Low Low Averag e Avera ge Averag e High High High Very high µ/m3 0-1,6 1,7- 3,3 3,4-5 5,1-5,6 5,7-6,3 6,4-7 7,1-8 8,1-9 9,1-10 10≤ Sulfur Dioxide (SO2) Index 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Limit Low Low Low Averag e Avera ge Averag e High High High Very high µ/m3 0-41 42-83 84-125 126-166 167- 207 208-250 251- 333 334- 417 418- 500 500≤ Table 4. The results of four stages of passive sampling in Tbilisi Address stages Nitrogen Dioxide µg/m3 Sulfur Dioxide, µg/m3 Ozone, µg/m3 Benzene, µg/m3 I II III IV I II III IV I II III IV I II III IV Metro station "Isani" 56.05 61.90 78.42 63.89 52.21 38.34 2.6 Tashkent Street 60.41 60.44 81.98 69.59 Gldani I mk/region 21.92 20.01 27.71 38.59 44.16 16.35 Marjanishvili Square 53.48 54.79 63.53 67.62 3.88 2.36 48.24 38.84 2.6 Metro Station "Delisi" 58.93 61.28 81.5 70.67 Metro Station "Technical University" 85.41 85.51 - 83.62 2.7 2.7 6.2 Godziashvili and Topuria streets crossing 69.62 63.46 73.25 73.80 On the opposite side of the bus station "Okriba" 43.86 60.99 68.95 65.99 <2.46 2.36 <2.17 <2.83 38.06 49.73 3.6 Agladze 53.46 55.86 70.52 63.26
- 6. Results of 2017 monitoring of atmospheric air… www.ijmrem.com IJMREM Page 58 II. CONCLUSION Average concentrations of carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxide and dioxide in the Vashlijvari background automatic station were within the norm established by the Georgian Technical Regulation. The average concentration of ozone 0,044 mg/m3 was 1.5 times higher than the maximum permissible concentration. The annual concentrations of sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide and ozone were within the scope on the Tsereteli Avenue. The average annual concentration of nitrogen dioxide 0.058 mg/m3 was 1.5 times higher than the permissible concentrations of nitrogen oxide and 0.085 mg/m3 - 1.4 times the nitrogen oxide. The average annual concentrations of nitrogen dioxide and oxide, sulfide dioxide and carbon monoxide on Kazbegi Avenue were within the norm, while the average annual concentration of ozone was 0.041 mg/m3 1.4 times higher than the permissible concentration. Average annual concentrations of nitrogen dioxide and oxide, sulfur dioxide and carbon monoxide in Varketili were within the norm, while the average annual concentrations of ozone were 0.055 mg/m3 1.8 times higher than the permissible concentration. The PM10 annual concentrations on Kazbegi, Tsereteli Avenue and Varketili were compared to the annual permissible concentration - 0,04 mg/m3 . On the Tsereteli Avenue, the average annual concentration of PM10 was 1.5 times high. The PM2.5 annual concentrations were also compared with the annual permissible concentration of the EU - 0.025 mg/m3. Its content on Kazbegi Avenue and Varketili did not exceed the norm, and on Tsereteli Avenue was slight big then the norm. street Big Dighomi, Petritsi Street 34.94 36.36 54.31 45.55 Bendeliani street 23.50 25.39 33.90 44.92 59.23 Freedom Square 51.89 56.96 - 59.22 Near the First School 64.86 67.18 88.73 64.37 Rustaveli Ave. 31 67.31 73.41 - 79.36 Avlabari Square 76.04 79.47 105.23 73.01 2.5 3.3 6.3 Mukhiani, Gobronadze Street 39.58 48.51 51.34 53.13 14.35 Arakishvili street 41.25 44.83 52.47 56.21 Mziuri park area 27.89 30.23 34.36 47.08 59.42 Melikishvili street 84.88 89.83 111.77 77.15 2.3 3.4 6.0 Lebanon Street - 36.30 37.49 44.06 Digomi, Mikeladze street 44.09 50.60 48.65 46.67 8.62
- 7. Results of 2017 monitoring of atmospheric air… www.ijmrem.com IJMREM Page 59 In Tbilisi, 110 indicators were measured in 21 places in four stages (measurement results are given in Table 4). Sulfur dioxide and ozone showed low indexes everywhere. The nitrogen dioxide index in 15 cases was low, in 55 cases - average, and in 10 cases high. Benzene index in 9 cases was low and in 3 cases - average. REFERENCES 1. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_pollution 2. Yearbook of the National Environmental Agency E. Bakradze, et al. “Results of 2017 Monitoring of Atmospheric Air Pollution in Tbilisi, Georgia.” International Journal of Modern Research in Engineering & Management (IJMREM), vol. 1, no. 6, 25 June 2018, pp. 53–59., www.ijmrem.com.