Improving sanitation with peri urban and squatter populations for css 5-5-09 (pp tminimizer)
- 1. Improved Sanitation with Peri-Urban and Squatter Populations as part of the SSK with Equity on Gender and for the Poor INDONESIA SANITATION SECTOR DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM Jakarta, May 2009
- 2. INDONESIA SANITATION SECTOR DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM Overview of presentation: 1. Issue : Growing peri-urban& squatter populations without proper sanitation 2. Location: Informal settlements in the peri-urban zones 3. Challenge: High environmental and health risks 4. City Sanitation Strategy: Options for squatters? 5. The Option: Sanitary yet Temporary “Sanplats” 6. City Sanitation Strategy: Option for peri-urban community? 7. The Option: Community Led Urban Sanitation (CLUS) 8. Some Lessons learned: Ten golden CLUS rules
- 3. 1. The issue: Growing peri-urban& squatter populations • Many Indonesian cities face growing streams of migrants from rural areas into their city boundaries • Most migrants are attracted by the opportunities for work and better incomes • Others have come after a natural disaster, such as an earthquake, volcano eruption or drought • Virtually all such migrants are poor. They live in temporary housing without drinking water supply and toilets INDONESIA SANITATION SECTOR DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM
- 4. 2. The location: Informal settlements in peri-urban zones • Migrants often settle on waste lands near river banks and/or city edge • Settlement is usually not legal, but accepted by the city as it needs cheap labour for its budding industry • Houses are temporary, made from free & lowest cost local material and have no toilet or water supply INDONESIA SANITATION SECTOR DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM
- 5. 3. The challenge: high environmental and health risks • Migrants often settle on waste land on the edge of the city • Preference of locations: 1) Near water for washing, bathing & cleaning after excreta disposal 2) Near work 3) Availability of land for housing small livestock, food gardens • Settlement is usually illegal, but accepted as city needs cheap labour for its budding industry INDONESIA SANITATION SECTOR DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM
- 6. • Labour migrants must live close to their places of work • Travel to work costs too much time and money • They and their family also need surface water & land near water for their primary needs • Relocation further away therefore often not an option • At the same time, their sanitation habits pollute water and land, e.g. the city waterpark and recreation area in Blitar. • Cities do not want to expand water supply and sanitation to squatters, as they don’t want permanent settlement • Squatters reject investments without land security What can be done? INDONESIA SANITATION SECTOR DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM 4. SSK : Options for squatters?
- 7. 5. The option: Sanitary yet Temporary “Sanplats” • A suitable technology choice for non-permanent populations is the sanitary platform (‘sanplat’) • Sanplats are ferro-cement 40-45 mm thick slabs over a shallow pit with a key-hole & cover • Their construction requires 1/3 bag of cement, coarse river sand, iron reinforcement • When pit is full, shift slab by corners over new pit by 4 strong men, cover old pit, plant trees when sludge has manured • Shelter: 4 poles + plastic INDONESIA SANITATION SECTOR DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM
- 8. Source: COSI, Sri Lanka Sanplat over pit lined with green bamboo I in unstable soil Cover over hole excludes flies Shift over new pit when old is full
- 9. Casting the sanplat with keyhole-shaped squatting hole: • One small plastic bucket • Two bricks, sideways, V- shape • One bottle Source: Jo Smet, IRC
- 10. • Households have enough space to build off-site toilets • Local low-cost and no-cost materials are available • Households cannot afford to invest much money • They are able to upgrade toilets over time • They form a cohesive community with potential for gotong- royong • Households have a demand for toilets: – Women want privacy and safety – Men want increased house value, safety for wives & daughters – Both want status and convenience of toilet & better health and saving s on expenditures from diseases What can be done? Option 1, 2 …. INDONESIA SANITATION SECTOR DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM 6. City Sanitation Strategy: Option for peri-urban communities?
- 11. 7. The option: Community-Led Urban Sanitation (CLUS) • With help of trained Puskes Mas or PKK promoter, c’ty assesses local sanitation situation (‘map’) • It visits the open defecation sites (‘transect walk’) • It calculates the excreta weight • C’ty decides to stop open defecation (‘OD free’ pledge) • C’ty & Puskes Mas/PKK promote lowest cost models with local materials (meetings, home visits) • C’ty promotes till ODF & monitors upkeep ODF (Case: Payakumbuh) INDONESIA SANITATION SECTOR DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM Peta Sanitasi Transect Walk
- 12. 1. Involve couples (husbands and wives together ) 2. Review together who needs special help (labour, materials, design information) 3. Plan c’ty help for poorest in cash/kind 4. Agree on minimum quality standards 5. Share knowledge e.g. open day visits INDONESIA SANITATION SECTOR DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM Women review toilet models Planned to upgrade : comlete floor, then walls, roof, door 8. Some Lessons Learned (Ten golden CLUS rules):
- 13. Some Lessons Learned (10 golden CLUS rules) : 6. Women make excellent toilet masons – promoting & casting slabs and pans (Case: Payakumbuh) 7. School children can effectively promote sanitation to parents 8. C’ties need to monitor if 100% sanitized situation is sustained 9. Monitor hygiene & handwashing e.g. 3 visits by Posyandu/C’ty cadre: on completion, after one month & three months 10. Cadres need training as CLUS facilitators INDONESIA SANITATION SECTOR DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM
- 14. INDONESIA SANITATION SECTOR DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM