The document discusses ASP.NET MVC, which is a web development framework that follows the model-view-controller pattern. It describes the components of MVC - the model, which represents the application's data; the view, which is the visual representation of the UI; and the controller, which handles and responds to user input and updates the model and view. It covers MVC implementation in ASP.NET, testability, and using AJAX to make asynchronous page updates.