Input Output Control System
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The document outlines key aspects of input/output control systems, including the differences between logical/physical I/O and directory/disk space management. It explains the boot process for computers, detailing cold and warm boots, the role of BIOS, and contrasts it with UEFI, highlighting their respective functions and advantages. Additionally, it describes how BIOS initializes components and loads the operating system, while UEFI uses a more modern approach for boot management.
Input Output Control System
- 2. Identify the primary function perform by input / output control system Compare between logical I/O and physical I/O. Distinguish between Directory Management and Disk Space Management Describe boot process
- 3. provided low level access to records on peripheral equipment. Example1: logical I/O Example1: Physical I/O
- 4. Directory Management The purpose is organize file, directory and operation on them Disk Space Management The purpose is manage files stored on disk.
- 5. Booting up is a bootstrapping process that starts operating systems when the user turns on a computer system Booting is the process of starting or restarting a computer
- 6. 1. Cold Boot 2. Warm Boot
- 7. When turning on a computer that has been powered off completely. Example : by press power button.
- 8. Is the process of restarting a computer that already is powered on. Example : In Windows XP, warm boot can be perform by : a. pressing combination of (CTRL + ALT +DEL) b. selecting a button or an option from a list in a dialog box c. pressing the reset button on the computer
- 9. 1. The power supply send a signal to the components in the system unit. 2. The processor finds the ROM chip(s) that contain the BIOS (basic input output system). BIOS is a firmware that contain computer’s startup instructions. 3. The BIOS performs the POST(power-on self test), which checks components such as mouse, keyboard and adapter cards. The test is to check computer hardware connected properly and operating correctly.
- 10. 4. The results of the POST are compared with data in a CMOS chip. CMOS is the technology that uses battery power to hold information when the computer is off. 5. The BIOS looks for the system file in drive A (floppy disk drive), sometimes a CD or DVD drive and then drive C (hard disk)
- 11. 6. The system file and the kernel of the operating system load into memory (RAM) from storage (hard disk) 7. The operating system loads configuration information, may request user information and display the desktop on the screen.
- 12. BIOS works by reading the first sector of the hard drive which has the next device’s address to initialize or code to execute. BIOS also selects the boot device that needs to be initialized for starting the operating system. Since BIOS has been in use since the very beginning, it still works in 16-bit mode, limiting the amount of code that can be read and executed from the firmware ROM.
- 13. UEFI does the same task a little differently. It stores all the information about initialization and startup in an .efi file instead of the firmware. This file is stored on the hard drive inside a special partition called EFI System Partition (ESP). The ESP partition will also contain the boot loader programs for the Operating System installed on the computer.
- 14. UEFI vs BIOS
- 15. BIOS UEFI Uses Master Boot Record (MBR) GUID Partition Table (GPT) Since UEFI is platform independent - enhance the boot time and speed of the computer Secure boot
Editor's Notes
- #16: Major difference: MBR uses 32-bit entries in its table which limits the total physical partitons to only 4. Each partition can only be a maximum of 2TB in size, while; GPT uses 64-bit entries in its table which dramatically extends the support for size possibilities of the hard drive. Secure boot is a feature of UEFI that has been implemented in Windows 8 recently. The biggest benefit of UEFI is its security over BIOS. UEFI can allow only authentic drivers and services to load at boot time, making sure that no malware can be loaded at computer startup. Microsoft implemented this feature to counter piracy issues in Windows, while Mac has been using UEFI for quite some time now. Secure Boot works by requiring a digital signature of boot loaders which should require digital signature by the Kernel. This process continues until the operating system is completely started. This secure boot feature is also one of the reason why it is more difficult to install another operating system on a Windows machine.