Insights into stability aspects of

Electrical Engineering: An International Journal (EEIJ), Vol. 2, No. 1, March 2015
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INSIGHTS INTO STABILITY ASPECTS OF
HYBRID SYSTEM; AN ENABLING
TECHNOLOGY FOR RURAL ELECTRIFICATION
IN BANGLADESH
Subir Ranjan Hazra1
, Md. Mostafizur Rahman1*
and Rowsan Jahan Bhuiyan1**
1
Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Dhaka University of Engineering & Technology (DUET), Gazipur, Bangladesh
ABSTRACT
The development of a country is dependent on the per person energy consumption rate, which is very low
in Bangladesh. Bangladesh installed a capacity of 10416 MW electricity on June 2014 and three fourth of
which is considered to be accessible. Near about 45% people has no access to electricity. Therefore,
electricity shortage is an acute crisis in Bangladesh. As Saint Martin Island is far away from the main
land, it is almost impossible and cost ineffective to supply electricity from the national grid. For
connection of nearly 6000 peoples of Saint Martin to the main stream of development and to make this
island more attractive to the tourists, it is very essential to provide electricity for them. Power generation
by combining solar, wind and diesel, known as hybrid system can be the most efficient technique for the
electrification of these types of Island. Based on this principle, in this paper a hybrid system is designed
for electrification of Saint Martin’s Island. In the analysis, realistic data is used for load calculation and
optimization analysis for most effective solution. Hybrid Optimization Model for Electric Renewable
(HOMER) software is used to find out the final optimization and sensitive analysis of hybrid system. This
system satisfies the load demand and reduces carbon emission which will help to generate green energy.
KEYWORDS
Biomass, Solar PV, Hybrid System, Gasification, HOMER, Power Generation
1. INTRODUCTION
There are about 30 islands in Bangladesh. The Saint Martin's island (20°37′38.12″N
92°19′21.28″E) is a small island (area only 8 km2) in the north-eastern part of the Bay of Bengal,
about 9 km south of the tip of the Cox’s Bazar-Teknaf peninsula, and forming the southernmost
part of Bangladesh. Nearly 6000 populace live there, primarily lived on fishing and on average
4000 tourists visit the island daily from November to March. To meet the increasing tourists
demand construction development is booming.
With flourishing concrete structure power demand is also thriving. Now, private parties are
operating diesel generators for generation of electricity to the shopping areas at the beachfront of
the Uttar Para. The electricity is supplied from 5 PM to 10 PM on a daily rental basis. Some shops
and the entire island folks use kerosene lanterns in their houses. Rest of the houses has their own
generation of electricity either through solar power or diesel engines.
To connect these large amount of poor people to the main stream of development, education and
other development facility should be provided, which is impossible without electricity. In
addition, Saint Martin is one of the beautiful tourist spot in Bangladesh. Tourist based
development can change the economic and social development of local residential. The island has
a good potential of solar and wind resources. Therefore, for electrification of this Island, in this
paper we tried to develop an optimal system from the practical view point. HOMER a simulation

16
software has been used to find out an energy efficient system for this island combining
conventional (diesel), renewable (Solar-Wind-Biomass) energy sources.
Input information to be endowed with HOMER comprises are: primary load, solar and wind
resources, cost, constraints, controls etc. The software focused on an optimal configuration to
meet the desired electric loads.
In journal article [1], data was considered for 100 households and 10 shops. That was the
prototype. But, in this analysis, we have tried to design a real system on the basis of present
inhabitant and visitors. We have also tried to find out the real outcomes.
2. HYBRID SYSTEM
Hybrid power system consists of two or more energy conversion devices. In Bangladesh, solar
and wind resources are available and it’s reliable also. In this analysis, conventional (diesel)
source is combined with non conventional resources (solar, wind & biomass). We have designed
the hybrid system to meet the base load with renewable generation and peak load with diesel and
biogas generator. The hybrid system consist of an electric load, diesel generators, solar resources,
wind resources and other system components such battery, converter [2]. A schematic diagram of
standalone hybrid system is represented in Fig. 1.
Figure 1. Hybrid energy renewable system
2.1. Electric Load
A community of 6000 people, 750 households, 30 shops, 50 tourists based cottage (each has 20
rooms which can accommodate 4 personnel in each room), a school and one health-post has been
considered for estimation of electric load. Two energy efficient lamps (CFL, 12W each) for each
family are considered. One fan (ceiling fan, 100W) for 300 households each, one television
(70W) is considered for 50 households all. Two lights (12W each) and two fans (100W each) are
considered for health post and fourteen lights (12W each) and seven fans (100W each) are
considered for school. For street lightning, 50 street lights (12W each) are considered. For each

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shops, two energy saving lamp and a fan is considered. In tourists based cottage, an energy saving
lamp (12W) in each room, wash room lamp (5W each) and one TV for each cottage is considered.
Fan load is considered for summer except winter season from evening to next morning for
household consumers.
For deferrable load, seven water pumps, one for school and health-post and the remainder for
household use are assumed. Each water pump has a 150 W power rating with a pumping capacity
of 10 liter/min. The pumps supply 20,000 liter per day for 200 families (primarily considered for
200 households instead of 750 households) as 100 litter per family, and 2000 liter per day for
school and clinic. The average deferrable load form April to October is calculated to be
6kWh/day. In winter (November to March) deferrable load is calculated 21kWh/day as one water
pump (150 W each) is considered for each cottage assuming 1,000 litter water demand in each
cottage. And overall 5 refrigerators (1.2kWh/day each) are considered in load calculations. Load
data are synthesized by specifying typical daily load profiles and adding some randomness of 10
% daily. These scaled up the primary load 250kWh/day with 64 kW peak and average deferrable
load is 12kWh/day with 1.8 kW peak annually. Daily load profile is represented for winter in fig.
2 and summer in fig. 3.
Figure 2. Load profile of a day (November-February)
Figure 3. Load profile of a day (March-October)
3. RENEWABLE ENERGY RESOURCES
3.1. Solar Resource
Bangladesh has good prospects of solar photovoltaic generation. The average insolation in
Bangladesh is 5kWh/m2
/day. In this analysis, monthly average global radiation data has been
taken from NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration) to estimate the generation of
solar system. Solar data at Barisal (Latitude: 22.75, Longitude: 90.36) in Bangladesh is presented

18
graphically by using HOMER software in Figure 4. Homer use the solar resources input to
calculate the PV array power. And, the synthesized data is obtained by putting the longitudinal
and latitudinal value in HOMER software.
Figure 4. Solar Radiation data throughout the year
3.2. Biomass Resources
Biomass is the oldest source of energy known to humans. The term biomass encompasses a large
variety of materials, including wood from various resources, agricultural residues, and animal and
human waste. Bangladesh is an agree-based country and main sources of biomass are agricultural
residues. And in villages, mainly in Barisal, cow is still utilized for plowing land and farming. So,
animal dung is available in resourceful amount.
Biomass contains stored energy. That's because plants absorb energy from the sun through the
process of photosynthesis. When biomass is burned, this stored energy is released as heat.
Many different kinds of biomass, such as wood chips, corn, and some types of garbage, are used
to produce electricity. Some types of biomass can be converted into liquid fuels called biofuels
that can power cars, trucks, and tractors. Leftover food products like vegetable oils and animal
fats can create biodiesel, while corn, sugarcane, and other plants can be fermented to produce
ethanol.
More than 25000 bio gas plants are already set up in Bangladesh and they are mainly family sized
and used only for cooking purposes. But, we need to focus to use this biomass energy for rural
electrification. And that will be helpful for our economic advancement.
3.2.1. Gasification
Gasification of biomass has been known as one of the effective technology options for the
utilization of this renewable energy resource. Gasification is the process of converting solid fuels
into a combustible gas mixture with a controlled amount of oxygen and/or steam; this is
accomplished by reaction of the material at high temperature (more than 7000
c). The resulting
gas mixture is called syngas or producer gas. The power delivered from gasification of biomass
and combustion of the resultant gas is considered to be a source of renewable energy. The
calorific value of this gas varies between 4.0 and 6.0 MJ/Nm3
or about 10 to 15 percent of the
heating value of natural gas [3][4]. The process of generation of electricity from biomass is
illustrates in Figure 5.

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Figure 5. Biomass Conversion into Energy
The three different stages of total gasification produces are:
1) Gasification process starts as auto thermal heating of the reaction mixture.
2) In the second stage, combustion gases are pyrolysis by being passed through a bed of fuel
at high temperature.
3) Initial products of combustion, carbon dioxide (CO2) and (H2O) are reconverted by
reduction reaction to carbon monoxide (CO), hydrogen (H2) and methane (CH4).
Biomass gasification is an alternative option of thermal biomass utilization for the production of
heat and power based on biomass. Within the last 20 years several different gasification
technologies were developed and demonstration plants were realized. Based on the experience
from these demonstration plants the gasification technologies were further developed.
Gasification plants consist of several process steps, which are shown in figure 6. The solid
biomass fuel delivered needs to be adjusted (fuel conditioning and handling) to the fuel
characteristics (particle size, water content) required for the gasification process. The conditioned
fuel enters the gasification process, which produces raw product gas. The raw product gas needs
to be cleaned in order to achieve the product gas quality needed for further utilization. The
cleaned product gas is used for the production of electric power, heat and fuel based on different
technologies.
During the thermo-chemical biomass gasification process solid biomass is cracked by thermal
energy and a fumigator and converted into a product gas. The product gas is cleaned and used for
the production of heat and power.
Figure 6. Basic process steps of a biomass gasification plant

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3.2.2. Conversion to Electricity
Theoretically, biogas can be converted directly into electricity using a fuel cell. In most cases,
biogas is used as fuel for combustion engines, which convert it to mechanical energy, powering
an electric generator to produce electricity.
Appropriate electric generators are available in virtually all countries and in all sizes. The
technology is well known and maintenance is simple. In most cases, even universally available 3-
phase electric motors can be converted into generators.
Gas turbines are occasionally used as biogas engines, especially in the US. They are very small
and can meet strict exhaust emissions requirements. Small biogas turbines with power outputs are
available on the market, but are rarely used for small-scale applications in developing countries as
they are expensive. Furthermore, due to their spinning at very high speeds and the high operating
temperatures, the design and manufacturing of gas turbines is challenging and maintenance
requires specific skills.
External combustion engines such as Stirling motors have the advantage of being tolerant of fuel
composition and quality. They are, however, relatively expensive and characterized by low
efficiency. Their use is therefore limited to a number of very specific applications. In most
commercially run biogas power plants today, internal combustion motors have become the
standard technology either as gas or diesel motors.
3.2.3. Energy Generation by Using Cow Dung
Several types of gasifier e.g. fixed bed updraft and downdraft gasifier, fluidized bed gasifier and
bubbling bed gasifier are available in the existing market with different sets of pros and cons.
However, the downdraft gasifier is a comparatively cheap and gasification in this type of gasifier
can produce a product gas with very low tar current [4].
All the collected cow dung is fed into an anaerobic digester. The digester is built to hold 21 days
of farm waste. Bacteria convert the waste into various products, one of which is methane gas. Gas
produced by the bacteria builds up the pressure in the concrete vessel, and a pipe delivers the
biogas to a modified natural gas engine.
The biogas fuels the engine, which in turn spins an electric generator to create electricity. Waste
heat from the engine is used to keep the digester warm and offsets fuel purchase on the farm.
One cow's waste can produce enough electricity to light two 100-watt light bulbs for 24 hours a
day. The energy is fed onto the electrical system for distribution to customers. Cow dung gas is
55-65% methane, 30-35% carbon dioxide, with some hydrogen, nitrogen and other traces. Its
heating value is around 600 B.T.U. per cubic foot. Cow dung slurry is composed of 1.8-2.4%
nitrogen (N2), 1.0-1.2% phosphorus (P2O5), 0.6-0.8% potassium (K2O) and 50-75% organic
humus.
About one cubic foot of gas may be generated from one pound of cow manure at around 28°C.
This is enough gas to cook a day’s meals for 4-6 people in Bangladesh. About 1.7 cubic meters of
biogas equals one liter of gasoline. The manure produced by one cow in one year can be
converted to methane, which is the equivalent of over 200 liters of gasoline.
Gas engines require about 0.5 m3
of methane per horsepower per hour. Some care must be taken
with the lubrication of engines using solely biogas due to the “dry” nature of the fuel and some
residual hydrogen sulphide; otherwise these are a simple conversion of a gasoline engine.

21
Power generation by using cow dung consist of several process steps, which are shown in figure
7. First, cow dung is stored in biogas digester and produced gas in gasification process in cleaned
and supplied it to syngas engine to produce electricity.
Figure 7. Electricity Generation by cow dung gasification
3.3. Wind Resource
In HOMER Weibull factor (k) is taken as 2, autocorrelation factor is taken as 0.78, the diurnal
pattern strength 0.30 is used and the hour of peak wind speed is taken as 14 [5][6][1]. Table-II
shows the monthly averaged measured wind speed at 30m height [Research has measured wind
speed by Bangladesh Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR) for the period of
1999 to 2001] and NASA measured the values for the same location at 10m height.
Table 1. Monthly average wind speed data for Saint Martin Island
Months NASA(10m) Measured Vmax
January 3.27 5.03 23.32
February 3.39 4.70 19.78
March 3.57 4.24 18.94
April 3.67 3.79 20.03
May 3.89 5.07 26.30
June 6.27 6.17 29.80
July 6.35 5.56 24.20
August 5.64 5.78 20.40
September 4.05 4.47 17.70
October 3.27 4.11 15.90
November 3.24 3.53 14.50
December 3.1 4.11 15.20
4. SYSTEM COMPONENTS
In this analysis, the major components are PV panels, biogas disaster, bio fuel generators,
batteries, and converters. For economic analysis, the number of units to be used, capital cost,
replacement and O&M costs and operating hours to be defined in HOMER in order to simulate
the system.
4.1. Solar Photovoltaic
Sun rays are available with prosperity in Barisal, Bangladesh. Lots of solar home system has been
installed. But, there is no set up yet established for off grid networking. In this research, solar
photovoltaic is used with biogas generation for the establishment of a hybrid system. Solar system
cost consists of cost with cables and charge controllers. It’s known to me by analysing present

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market; cost of PV panel with set up cost Tk. 75000 for 1 kW generation. Various costs are
represented in Table 2 and cost is considered in BDT. Life time has been taken 25 years and 25
kW PV modules are considered.
Table 2. PV cost assumption and technical parameters
Parameter Unit Value
Capital Cost BDT/W 75
Replacement Cost BDT/W 66
Operating & Maintenance Cost BDT/Yr 100
Lifetime Years 25
Derating factor Percent 80
Slope Degree 22.566
Tracking System No tracking System 0.05
*1 BDT (Bangladeshi taka) =0.013 $ (USD)
4.2. Biomass Generator
In this research, two set of 10 kW biomass generators are considered to find out the most cost
effective system. The main reason of using to fulfil the energy demand in peak hour both for
winter and summer season and also meet the terms of backup requirements. As biomass resource
is available in prosperity, fuel cost is considered zero. The main cost is considered for biogas
generation procedure and biogas power generator. . To produce 1KW electricity from biomass,
$1200 is required including plant cost and generator cost, i.e. about BDT 9600000 is required in
this purpose [7]. Digester lifetime is considered for 8 years and fuel curve slope and intercept are
taken as 0.05 and 0.33 respectively [8]. Different costs and parameters are given in Table 3.
Table 3. Cost and parameter of Biogas generator
Capital Cost BDT/kW 96000
Replacement Cost BDT/kW 67200
Lifetime Hours 35000
Load factor Percent 15
4.3. Diesel Generator
To meet the peak load, diesel generator is used with renewable resources. We mainly scheduled
the diesel generator for the time 6 PM to 12 midnight. In HOMER 10 kW diesel generators is
considered with 10 kW biogas generators to meet the peak load demand. Diesel generator price is
considered by analysing present market price. Fuel curve slope and intercept are 0.05 and 0.33
respectively [9]. Fuel price is considered here Tk. 68 instead of Tk. 56 which was considered in
[1].
Table 4. Diesel generator cost assumption and technical parameters
Operating & Maintenance Cost BDT/hr 30
Operating Lifetime Hours 30000
Minimum load ratio Percent 10

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Fuel Curve Intercept 1/h/kWrated 0.05
Fuel Curve Slope 1/h/kWrated 0.33
Fuel Price Tk 68
4.4. Wind Turbine
Cost and wind turbine depends on the tower height and technology used. In this analysis, A
Generic 3kW wind turbine is considered for the hybrid system. Technical and economic
parameters [10] of the wind turbine are furnished in Table 5.
Table 5. Wind turbines cost assumption and technical parameters
Weibull ( k) 2
Autocorrelation factor 0.78
Diurnal pattern strength 0.3
Hour of peak wind speed m/s 14
Capital Cost per set BDT 600000
Replacement Cost per set BDT 450000
Lifetime Years 25
4.5. Battery
Batteries are used to store the solar photovoltaic output. In rural area like our proposed are, where
most of the power is used after day time. So, main target of our system is to store energy at day
time and discharge the stored energy after evening. So, batteries are used following through
charge controller. Also, a dump load is used for the purpose of removing excess charge and
preventing system damage. In this system, the Surrette 4KS25P storage batteries are utilized [11].
The specifications and different costs of batteries are shown in Table 6.
Table 6. Battery cost assumption and technical parameters
Nominal Voltage volt 2
Nominal Capacity Ah(kWh) 800(1.6)
Maximum Charge Current A 162
Round-trip efficiency Percent 86
Minimum State of Charge Percent 30
Capital Cost BDT/kWh 7000
Replacement cost BDT/kWh 6000
Operating & maintenance Charge BDT/kWh/yr 50
4.6. Converter
Converter converts the dc power to ac power. As, most of the home appliances are operated in ac,
dc generation from the PV array is converted to ac following through a controller. In this
proposed system, 25 kW converters are considered for optimum solution. The details of converter
cost assumption and different parameters are given in Table 7.

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Table 7. Converter cost assumption and technical parameters
Life time Years 15
Efficiency Percent 90
Rectifier Capacity Percent 95
Rectifier Efficiency Percent 85
4.7. System Control Parameters
We have tried to design an off grid system in remote location. Bangladesh government declare
target to cover all areas in between 2030. So, with considering caution factor, we have considered
the project life time 25 years. Other consideration and parameters like System control parameters
and various constraints are given in Table 8.
Table 8. System control parameters and constraints
Parameter Value
Percent of annual peak load 0
Percent of hourly load 10
Percent of hourly solar output 0
Maximum Unreserved energy 0 (%)
Maximum renewable fraction 0 to 100%
Maximum battery life N/A
Maximum annual capacity shortage 0 to 1%
5. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The optimal systems performance analysis has been carried out by using HOMER software. The
optimized result is analyzed for specific wind speed 4.72 m/s, solar irradiation 4.55kWh/m2/d and
diesel price 68 taka. The hybrid system analyzed for 35 kW PV array, one 3kW Generic wind
turbine, 10 kW diesel generator, 10 kW biogas generator and 135 no of storage batteries with 40
kW converters. Simulated result shows that the minimum COE [12] is tk.14.351/kWh that was tk.
26.54 in [1] and a minimum NPC of Tk. 19,330,286 represented in Figure 8.
*All the currency values are considered in terms of Tk. (Taka, Bangladeshi Currency) instead of $(USD).
Figure 8. Net present cost of the proposed system
The overview of electrical parameters in our analysis is represented in Figure 9. The figure shows
that the ac primary load demand is 95% and deferrable load demand is 5%. And demand is
achieved with 42% PV generation, 2% from wind generation, 45% from biogas and rest 12%
from diesel generator. It’s possible to consider a smaller diesel generator. But, we considered here
a 10 kW generator in case of biogas generator failure. In this analysis, renewable fraction is

25
obtained 0.884 percent and annual capacity shortage is 0.3 percent only. The software also
simulates the sensitive analysis that represents the forecasting of unit generation cost with the
increase or decrease of diesel price.
Figure 9. Energy generated by diesel generator, PV system and wind Turbine
6. SENSITIVE ANALYSIS
In this paper sensitive analysis has been embark on study the effects of variation in solar radiation
and diesel price for Levelized Cost of Energy (COE) [1]. This sensitive analysis is done for the
future forecasting of price for unit generation with the increase and decrease of diesel price. In
Figure 10, we find COE is Tk. 14.4/kWh at the point of solar irradiation 4.55kWh/m2/d and
diesel price Tk. 68. If diesel price increases, COE will be increased. As for example, at
4.55kWh/m2/d solar irradiation and diesel price Tk. 70, COE will be 15 taka. The Levelized cost
of energy is signified in Fig. 6.
Figure 10. Optimal system in terms of diesel price and solar radiation
7. CONCLUSION
In our country most eclectic generation is dependent on natural gas. The reserve of natural gas is
running off, other fossil fuels have to import from abroad. The price of fuel is increasing
throughout the world. Though, Government has set up his goal to go under coverage of electricity
of the whole country within 2030 and already taken few initiatives to solve the power crisis.
However, that’s not enough to fulfill the present crying need. Nevertheless, it may not possible to
fulfill the target within that time because now nearly 60% people in rural area have no access to
the national grid and around 75% Bangladesh’s 161 million citizens live in rural areas. Therefore,
this type of proposed system can be a solution for rural area in addition to the isolated island. The
feasible system is considered 35 kW PV array with one 3kW Generic wind turbine, a 10kW diesel
generator, a 10 kW biogas generator and 135 storage batteries among 40kW converter. The cost
of energy of the proposed model is found 14.351 BDT, which is around 20 to 25 taka at present
solar home system generation cost. As the net present cost is high, a large capital is needed for the
feasibility of this research. But, it is possible to make up the establishment cost within 10 years.
So, this project can be profitable though the preliminary set up cost is high. The integrated of the

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proposed model with the grid connection is also possible. The use of hybrid power system not
only reduces the unit price of electricity generation but also generate environmental friendly
energy.
REFERENCES
[1] K. M. S. Islam, M. M. Rahman, M. Alam, H. Mondal and F. Alam, “Hybrid energy system for St.
Martin Island, Bangladesh; an optimized modeling proceeding.” Evolving Energy-IEF International
Energy Congress (IEF-IEC2012); vol. 49, pp. 179-188, 2012.
[2] G. M. Shafiullah, and M. T. Amanullah, “Economic analysis of hybrid renewable model for
subtropical climate.”Int. Journal of thermal and Environmental Engineering; 1:57-65, 2010.
[3] M. S. Islam and T. Mondal,“Potentiality of Biomass Energy for Electricity Generation in
Bangladesh.” Asian Journal of Applied Science and Engineering, vol. 2, no. 2, pp.103-110, 2013.
[4] J. Waewask, M. Mani, P. Buaphet and P. Panichayunon, “A Biomass Gas Engine System for Power
Generation of OTOP Building in Southern Thailand,” International Conference on Clean Electrical
Power, ICCEP '07, pp. 415-422, 2007.
[5] A. Demiroren, U. Yilmaz, “Analysis of change in electric energy cost using renewable energy sources
in Gokceada, Turkey: an island example.” Renew Sustain Energy rev, vol. 14, pp. 323-33, 2010
[6] K. Q. Nandi, “A wind-PV-battery hybrid power system at Sitakunda Bangladesh.” Energy Policy
2009, vol. 37, pp. 3659-64, 2005
[7] M. R. Nouni, S. C. Mullick and T. C. Kandpal, “Biomass gasifier projects for decentralized power
supply in India: A financial evaluation,” Energy Policy, vol. 35, pp.1373-1385, 2007.
[8] K. Q. Nguyen, “Long term optimization of energy supply and demand in Vietnam with special
reference to the potential of renewable energy,” Germany: University of Oldenburg. 2005.
[9] M. A. Saaklayen, M. M. Rashid, S. Sharmin and A. Haque, “Integrated Analysis of Hybrid System
for Electrification of Island in Bangladesh.” Canadian Journal on Electrical and Electronics
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[10] M. S. Kaiser and S. K. Khadem, “Energy efficient system for St. Martin’s island of Bangladesh.”
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Authors
Subir Ranjan Hazra was born in Barisal, Bangladesh on 25th
July, 1985.
Currently he is pursuing his post graduate study under the department of Electrical &
Electronic Engineering (EEE) in Dhaka University of Engineering and Technology,
Bangladesh. He obtained his B. Sc Engineering Degree in Electrical and Electronic
Engineering from Stamford University, Bangladesh in 2008. His research interests
include Power System and Renewable Energy.
Md. Mostafizur Rahman was born in Bagerhat, Bangladesh on 20th
January,
1981. Currently he is pursuing his post graduate study under the dept. of Electrical
& Electronic Engineering (EEE) in Dhaka University of Engineering and
Technology, Bangladesh. He received the B. Sc Engineering Degree in Electrical
and Electronic Engineering from the same University in 2006. Currently he is
working as a Deputy Manager, System Operations, Teletalk Bangladesh Ltd. His
research interests include Digital Communication and Renewable Energy. He is a
member of Institution of Engineers, Bangladesh.

27
Rowsan Jahan Bhuiyan was born in Gazipur, Bangladesh on 13th
January, 1983.
Currently she is pursuing her post graduate study under the dept. of Computer Science
& Engineering (CSE) in Dhaka University of Engineering and Technology,
Bangladesh. She received the B. Sc Engineering Degree in Computer Science &
Engineering from the same University in 2008. Her research interests include DBMS,
SQA and Renewable Energy. She is a member of Institution of Engineers and
Bangladesh and Bangladesh Computer Council.

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