Intellectual_development.ppt
- 1. Mary Cassatt (1844-1926) Teine Lefebvre and Margot
- 2. Assimilation and Accommodation Children form concepts in their minds Concepts: general categories of objects and information
- 3. All things in the air are birds. Then they learn the difference between bird and plane
- 5. Four Stages 1. Sensorimotor birth to 1 ½ yrs 2. Preoperational 2-7 yrs 3. Concrete Operations 7-11 4. Formal Operations 11 into adulthood
- 6. • Infant Scientist! •In this stage children learn about the world through their senses and body movements •This stage is broken up into 6 different steps
- 7. Step One: Birth •Infants are only aware of themselves •They do not understand themselves as a a separate person
- 8. Step Two 1 to 4 months • Learn to combine two reflexes • For example they wave their fists and then bring it to their mouths
- 9. Step Three 4 to 8 months • They respond to other stimuli • Improves hand-eye coordination •For example if a baby bumps a rattle and it makes a noise, they may try top bump it again.
- 10. Step Four 8 to 12 months • Intentional behavior •They learn certain actions lead to certain results •Imitates others
- 11. They learn to follow objects with their eyes •Love playing Peek-A- Boo
- 12. Ten months- learn Object Permanence That objects continue to exist even when out of sight—can find partially hidden objects
- 13. Stage Five 12 to 18 months • Trial and error: Push a cracker off a high chair and watch it fall to the floor. Then does it again •Can find hidden objects •Understands that objects exist independently
- 14. Step Six 18 to 24 months •Begin to experiment mentally as well as physically •They think about what they are going to do before they do it
- 15. • Ages 2 to 7 •Basic Mental operations start replacing sensorimotor activities as the primary way to learn
- 16. I “eated” my apple No, it’s ate Then I “ated” my apple Children learn mostly by language and mental images
- 18. • Make-believe play is used to create and express all kinds of mental images
- 20. Egocentrism • The sun follows them from place to place and goes to bed when they do •Problems with reversibility—can’t see the world from other's perspectives
- 21. Children are prone to thinking errors Just as a walking toddler is prone to missteps
- 22. I don’t want to go to sleep! I’m not tired! He hurt my feelings so I hit him! use feeling to solve problems rather than logic
- 23. • Begin learning multiple classification– the ability to understand that an object may fit into more than one category
- 24. • Begin learning seriation—the ability top order groups of things by size, weight, or any common property •For example arranging beads on a bracelet from smallest to largest • However preschool age children cannot arrange themselves by height
- 25. •They think the same amount of liquid is more when poured into a tall think glass. •To them taller means more!
- 28. They have two kinds of reasoning 1. Syncretic– a break in logic, changing set of criteria Example: Mother usually makes dinner before dad comes home so making dinner causes dad to come home.
- 29. First, you put all of the white powder in a bowl. Then you pour milk into it. Stir and pour in metal cups that are hooked together. Now hurry and put in the oven because we are late for school.
- 30. 2. Intuitive reasoning—They guess!! Which line has more marbles?
- 31. My birthday is before Christmas and after Halloween
- 33. •Children may not be aware of what is real and what is make-believe
- 34. •Ages 6 or 7 to 11 •Learn to solve more complex problems using basic logic •However, they cannot think in abstract ways
- 35. • Understand Conservation– a given amount of anything remains the same even if it changes shape
- 36. •Perfect understanding of reversibility– things can return to their original condition after being changed •Perfect multiple classification and seriation
- 38. What’s Black and White and has 16 wheels? A Zebra on Roller Skates!
- 40. •Ages 11 to 12 into adulthood! •Can think through very complex problems, find several solutions, and choose the most logical one.
- 41. •Can think in abstract ways •Understand loyalty and freedom
- 42. In general we learn: • Children learn to master one skill before another • Children learn in their own ways • And not as Adults do!!
- 43. You can tell a lot about cognitive development by looking at a child’s drawing
- 48. Is that a drawing of two caterpillars?