Intelligence handout (1)
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The document discusses several theories of intelligence, including: 1. Fluid and crystallized intelligence theory which distinguishes between the ability to solve new problems (fluid) and acquired skills (crystallized). 2. Triarchic theory which includes abilities like problem-solving, analyzing situations, and adapting to environments. 3. Binet's theory of complex mental processes and his development of the first intelligence test with Simon. 4. Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences which identifies eight types of intelligence like linguistic, logical-mathematical, spatial, musical, bodily-kinesthetic, interpersonal, intrapersonal, and naturalist.
Intelligence handout (1)
- 1. INTELLIGENCE - One’s general capacity to act purposefully, to think rationally and deal effectively with the environment which interconnects oneself with God’s creation. THEORIES OF INTELLIGENCE 1. FLUID AND CRYSTALLIZED THEORY- Raymond Bernard Cattell Fluid Intelligence-the ability to deal with new problems and encounters Crystallized Intelligence- refers to the skill an strategies the individual has acquired through Fulid Intelligence 2. TRIARCHIC INTELLIGENCE- Robert Sternberg a. Componential Intelligence-the ability to use plans and execute them b. Experiential Intelligence-the ability to analyze the situation and bring mental resources to bear on the problem, even if the situation has never been encountered by the person c. Contextual Intelligence- the ability to adapt oneself in the environment and if not possible, the environment should be shaped. 3. THEORY OF COMPLEX MENTAL PROCESS- Alfred Binet - Binet was interested in complex mental processes. He noted that varying success of children in school could be due to their ability to reason and solve problems in a variety of situations. - Was the first to devise a formal intelligence test - Collaborated with Theodore Simon and developed a battery test called the BInet-Simon Intelligence Scale. 4. MULTIPLE INTELLIGENCE THEORY-HOWARD GARDNER - Each person possesses all eight intelligences - MI theory is not a "type theory" for determining the one intelligence that fits. It is a theory of cognitive functioning, and it proposed that each person has capacities in all eight intelligences. - Most people can develop each intelligence to an adequate level of competency - although an individual may bewail his deficiencies in a given area and consider his problems innate and intractable, Gardner suggests that virtually everyone has the capacity to develop all eight intelligences to a reasonably high level of performance if given the appropriate encouragement, enrichment, and instruction. VERBAL/LINGUISTIC INTELLIGENCE People with Linguistic intelligence love and are talented with words. They enjoy reading, writing and learning languages. They have an ability to teach and explain things to others. They learn best by reading, taking notes and going to lectures. Common Characteristics • Notices grammatical mistakes • Often speaks of what they have read • Likes to use "fancy" words Career Matches • Writer (any type) • Editor • Public Speaker
- 2. • Loves word games • Cherishes their book collection • Easily remembers quotes and famous sayings • Likes puns and rhymes • Enjoys writing • Enjoys foreign language • Always enjoyed English class • Politician • Preacher • Teacher • Journalist • Broadcaster • English / Writing Tutor • Actor / Actress • LOGICAL/MATHEMATICAL INTELLIGENCE People with Logical intelligence are abstract thinkers and are attracted to logic and reasoning. They are good at investigation and scientific processes. They learn best by logic. Common Characteristics • Can easily do math in their head • Good at strategy games • Have a mind "like a computer" • Really like math • Enjoy science experiments • Organize things by category • Abstract thinker • Look for a rational explanations • Wonder how things work Career Matches • Scientist • Mathematician • Lawyer/Attorney • Doctor • Accountant • Bookkeeper • Computer Programmer • Researcher • Financial Planner • VISUAL/SPATIAL INTELLIGENCE People with Visual intelligence are artistic. They are very aware of their surroundings and are good at remembering images. They have a great sense of direction. They like to draw, paint and read maps. They learn best through drawings and visual aids. Career Matches • Artist • Architect • Graphic Designer • Engineer • Fashion Designer • Interior Decorator • Photographer MUSICAL INTELLIGENCE
- 3. People with musical intelligence love music. They appreciate rhythm and composition. They are gifted with the ability to compose, sing and/or play instrument(s). Able to recognize sounds, tones and rhythm, they have a "good ear" for music. They learn best through lectures and often use rhythm and music as a way to memorize things. Common Characteristics • Have good rhythm • Can easily memorize songs • Notice and enjoy different sounds • Often singing, whistling or tapping a song • Talented with an instrument or singing • Can tell when a note is off-key • Often have a song running through their head • Have an unquenchable passion for music Career Matches • Musician • Singer • Conductor • Composer • Songwriter • Music Teacher • Music Director • Choir Director • Record Producer People with Kinesthetic intelligence love movement. They enjoy sports and/or dance. They are good at building things and like to stay active. They have good motor skills and are very aware of their bodies. They learn best through movement and experimentation. Common Characteristics • Learns by "doing" • Would rather touch than just look • Well-coordinated with good motor skills • Likes figuring out how things work • Enjoys the outdoors • Likes to work with hands • Can't sit still for too long • Enjoys sports and exhilarating experiences • Likes to be active • Has a lot of physical energy • Athletic Career Matches • Athlete • Dancer • Mechanic • Actor / Actress • Performer • Physical Education Instructor • Craftsman • Gardener • Paramedic • Physical Therapist • Farmer • Carpenter • Builder • Park Ranger BODILY/KINESTHETIC INTELLIGENCE
- 4. • Firefighter INTRAPERSONAL INTELLIGENCE People with intrapersonal intelligence are adept at looking inward and figuring out their own feelings, motivations and goals. They are introspective and seek understanding. They are intuitive and typically introverted. They learn best independently. Common Characteristics • Introverted • Prefers working alone • Philosophical • Self-aware • Perfectionistic • Often thinks of self-employment • Enjoys journaling • Intuitive • Independent • Spends time thinking and reflecting • Likes learning about self Career Matches • Psychologist • Philosopher • Writer • Theologian INTERPERSONAL INTELLIGENCE People with Interpersonal intelligence are good with people and thrive in social interactions. They are good at reading, empathize and understanding others. They are good at working with others and have many friends. They learn best through interaction and dialogue. Common Characteristics • Empathetic • Extraverted • Enjoy social events • Love groups and crowds • Enjoying teaching others • Have many friends Career Matches • Diplomat • Leader • Manager • Politician • Clergy • Social Worker
- 5. • Enjoy team sports • Like to counsel others • Love meeting new people • Cooperative in groups • Sensitive to others' moods • Receptionist • Sales Representative • Counselor • Child Care • Coach NATURALIST INTELLIGENCE The Naturalist intelligence has to do with how we relate to our surroundings and where we fit into it. People with Naturalist intelligence have a sensitivity to and appreciation for nature. They are gifted at nurturing and growing things as well as the ability to care for and interact with animals. They can easily distinguish patterns in nature. Note that this intelligence is the newest added to the theory of Multiple Intelligences and is often criticized as being an interest rather than an intelligence. Common Characteristics • Bothered by pollution • Enjoys having pets • Likes to learn about nature • Enjoys gardening • Appreciates scenic places • Feels alive when in contact with nature • Likes to camp, hike, walk and climb • Notices nature above all other things • Conscious of changes in weather Career Matches • Conservationist • Gardener • Farmer • Animal Trainer • Park Ranger • Scientist • Botanist • Zookeeper • Geologist • Marine Biologist • Ecologist • Veterinarian
- 6. • Enjoy team sports • Like to counsel others • Love meeting new people • Cooperative in groups • Sensitive to others' moods • Receptionist • Sales Representative • Counselor • Child Care • Coach NATURALIST INTELLIGENCE The Naturalist intelligence has to do with how we relate to our surroundings and where we fit into it. People with Naturalist intelligence have a sensitivity to and appreciation for nature. They are gifted at nurturing and growing things as well as the ability to care for and interact with animals. They can easily distinguish patterns in nature. Note that this intelligence is the newest added to the theory of Multiple Intelligences and is often criticized as being an interest rather than an intelligence. Common Characteristics • Bothered by pollution • Enjoys having pets • Likes to learn about nature • Enjoys gardening • Appreciates scenic places • Feels alive when in contact with nature • Likes to camp, hike, walk and climb • Notices nature above all other things • Conscious of changes in weather Career Matches • Conservationist • Gardener • Farmer • Animal Trainer • Park Ranger • Scientist • Botanist • Zookeeper • Geologist • Marine Biologist • Ecologist • Veterinarian