internet protocol
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The document discusses several internet protocols including: - IP which delivers data packets between hosts and includes addressing tags through encapsulation. - TCP/IP which establishes communication between networks and provides host access to the internet. - Ipv4 and Ipv6 which are internet protocols for carrying data packets with Ipv6 supporting more nodes. - Early protocols for file retrieval like FTP, Gopher, and Telnet which allowed downloading and using remote files and applications with varying levels of description.
internet protocol
- 3. The main purpose and task of IP delivery of datagrams from the source host(source computer) to the destination host(receiving computer) based on their addresses. To achieve this, IP includes methods and structures for putting tags (address information , which is part of metadata) within datagrams. The process of putting these tags on datagrams is called encapsulation
- 4. TCP/IP Transmission Control Protocol is the language a computer uses to access the internet. It consists of a suite of protocols designed to establish a network of networks to provide a host with access to the internet.
- 5. Ipv4 – Internet Protocol Version 4 is the fourth version of the IP and a widely used protocol in data communication over different kinds of network. its a connectionless protocol used in packet-switched layer networks, such as Ethernet. Ipv6- internet protocol version 6 is an internet protocol used for carrying data in packets from a source to a destination over various networks. Ipv6 is enhanced version of ipv4 and can support very large numbers of nodes as compared to ipv4.
- 6. File retrieval protocols This type of service was one of the earliest ways of retrieving information from computers connected to the Internet. You could view the names of the files stored on the serving computer, but you didn't have any type of graphics and sometimes no description of a file's content. You would need to have advanced knowledge of which files contained the information you sought
- 7. FTP (File Transfer Protocol) This was one of the first Internet services developed and it allows users to move files from one computer to another. Using the FTP program, a user can logon to a remote computer, browse through its files, and either download or upload files (if the remote computer allows). These can be any type of file, but the user is only allowed to see the file name; no description of the file content is included. You might encounter the FTP protocol if you try to download any software applications from the World Wide Web. Many sites that offer downloadable applications use the FTP protocol. Example- TUCOWS. Software, music, themes and games download sites.
- 8. Gopher Gopher offers downloadable files with some content description to make it easier to find the file you need. The files are arranged on the remote computer in a hierarchical manner, much like the files on your computer's hard drive are arranged. This protocol isn't widely used anymore, but you can still find some operational gopher sites. Example- university of minnesota
- 9. Telnet You can connect to and use a remote computer program by using the telnet protocol. Generally you would telnet into a specific application housed on a serving computer that would allow you to use that application as if it were on your own computer. Again, using this protocol requires special software. Eg- hytelnet
- 10. The World Wide Web is the new kid on the block having only been developed in the late 1980s by the European Lab for Particle Physics in Switzerland. This Internet protocol was quickly embraced by the public and has become the most popular way to provide and obtain information from the Internet. The Web offers not only access to files to download, but offers a way to jump from site to site through a series of connecting hyperlinks. The most distinguishing feature of the Web is the way that text is formatted. A series of "tags" is used to encode and format text, graphics, animation, sound, and other types of files. These tags are called HTML (HyperText Markup Language). These HTML files appear on your computer screen as determined by the tags used in its coding. You can see the "source" HTML coding for any Web page by choosing to "View Source" from your browser's menu bar. Most browsers allow for access through FTP, Gopher, telnet, and email as well as through the hypertext transfer protocol, although installation of helper applications may be required. These are programs that work with the browser and allow access to a variety of protocols and file types.
- 11. Simple Mail Transfer Protocol Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) is an internet standard for electronic mail (E-mail) transmission across Internet Protocol(IP) networks.
- 12. This method of Internet communication has become the standard. A main computer acts as a "post office" by sending and receiving mail for those who have accounts. This mail can be retrieved through any number of email software applications (MS Outlook, Eudora, etc.) or from Web based email accounts (Yahoo, Hotmail). Email is an example of asynchronous Internet communication. Email also provides the ability to access email lists. You can subscribe to an email list covering any number of topics or interests and will receive messages posted by other subscribers. Email communities evolve from interaction between subscribers who have similar interests or obsessions.
- 13. Usenet is something like a bulletin board or an email list without the subscription. Anyone can post a message to or browse through a Usenet newsgroup. Usenet messages are retained on the serving computer only for a predetermined length of time and then are automatically deleted, whereas email list messages are retained on the serving computer until the account holder downloads them. Many email applications, as well as Web browsers, allow you to set up Usenet newsgroup accounts. Yahoo newsgroups Google newsgroups Interbulletin newsgroups
- 14. This protocol allows for synchronous communication: users on different computers anywhere in the world can communicate in "real time" or simultaneously. You can instantly see a response to a typed message by several people at the same time. This protocol requires a special software application that can be downloaded from the Web, generally for free. AIM Google Talk Meebo