interpersonal behaviour
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This document provides an overview of interpersonal behavior and transactional analysis. It discusses that interpersonal behavior is shaped by communication skills, emotional intelligence, and social skills. It then explains the Johari window model and how it can help people understand their interpersonal relationships and communication. Transactional analysis is introduced as the study of social transactions between people in terms of stimulus and response. The concepts of ego states, life positions, strokes, script analysis, and time structuring are defined in transactional analysis. Advantages of using transactional analysis to improve interpersonal communication are also highlighted.
interpersonal behaviour
- 1. PRESENTATION ON INTERPERSONAL BEHAVIOUR Submitted To: Submitted By: Mrs. Monika Sharma Palak Gupta Astt. Prof. (MBA) MBA-HR (2ND) R.NO. 01213014
- 2. Interpersonal Behavior… {IPB} • IPB is the study of one’s own perception, knowledge , attitude & motivation and how these affect one’s behavior to the self & with others. • It is characterized mainly by 3 factors… – Communication skill : » Knowledge / literacy / intelligence » Listening skill » Verbal skill » Active listening/feedback
- 3. {continue…} – Emotional intelligence : » Self awareness » Emotional maturity – Social skill : » Good eye contact » Body language » Empathy/understanding & assimilating ability
- 4. Types Of Interpersonal Behaviour
- 5. Understanding Interpersonal Behaviour Behavioral scientists recommend the use of Johari Window & Transactional Analysis(TA). • JOHARI WINDOW: JW is a psychological too created by Joseph Luft & Harry Ingham in 1955 in u.s. It helps people to understand their better interpersonal relations & communication Luft and Ingham called their JohariWindow model 'Johari' after combining their first names, Joe and Harry. In early publications the word appears as 'JoHari'.
- 6. What actually Model Represents: • The Johari Window model is also referred to as a 'disclosure/feedback model of self awareness', and by some people an 'information processing tool'. • The Johari Window actually represents information - feelings, experience, views, attitudes, skills, intentions, motivation, etc - within or about a person - in relation to their group, from four perspectives. Johari window four quadrants: 1. what is known by the person about him/herself and is also known by others - open area, open self, free area, free self, or 'the arena‘. 2. what is unknown by the person about him/herself but which others know - blind area, blind self, or 'blindspot‘. 3. what the person knows about him/herself that others do not know - hidden area, hidden self, avoided area, avoided self or 'facade‘. 4. what is unknown by the person about him/herself and is also unknown by others - unknown area or unknown self.
- 8. Transactional Analysis When two people interact with each other, they engage in social transactions, in which one person responds to the other. Study of such ”Social Transactions” is called ’Transactional Analysis’. What is a Transaction? A Transaction is an exchange of two strokes between two people. The first stroke is called ’Stimulus’, the second is called the ’Response’.
- 9. TYPE OF TRANSACTIONS 1. COMPLEMENTARY 2. NON-COMPLEMENTARY To understand Transactional Analysis we must first understand EGO STATES: EGO STATES: Within each human being, several human beings are existing at the same time, depending upon how the person is behaving at any given time. 1. Parent Ego State Set of thoughts, feelings,and behaviours learnt from parents or other care takers. This pertains to behaviors, thoughts and feelings copied from parents Nurturing Parent Soft, loving and permission giving
- 10. •P While in the parent ego state,people treat others like children. Critical Parent:This is a role where people becomes authoritative; caring; controlling; and sometimes bossy. A) PARENT-PARENT TRANSACTION Stimulus: Her duty is at home with children. Response: She has no sense of duty P P A A C C
- 11. Adult Ego State • Oriented towards current reality and objectivity gathering of information. • Data processing centre. • This is a role of care, concern, respect, responsibility and maturity.
- 12. B) ADULT-ADULT TRANSACTIONS • 1. Stimulus: What’s the time? – Response: Exactly 4 pm by my watch. P P A A C C
- 13. Child Ego State • Seat of emotions , thoughts and memories from childhood. • The ’child’ ego state has the liberty of fun loving and carefree behaviour. • It is a storehouse of Creativity. • It is a set of behaviors, thoughts and feelings replayed from our childhood •These are permanent recordings and can’t be erased
- 14. C) CHILD-CHILD TRANSACTIONS P P A A C C
- 16. Ego States Acting, thinking, feeling like your parent Dealing with current realities, gathering facts, objectivity Acting or feeling like u did when u were child
- 17. LIFE POSITIONS T.A has four possible life positions: You are O.K I am O.K You are O.K You are O.K I am not O.K I am O.K You are not O.K I am not O.K You are not O.K You are not O.K I am O. K I am not O. K
- 18. Psychological Positions • Mentally healthy position • Realistic people; can solve problems on their own • Accepts significance of others I’m OK, You’re OK • Person feels victimized, So victimizes others • Blame others for their miserie • criminals – extreme: Homicide I’m OK, You’re not-OK • Feel powerless when compare with others • Leads them to withdraw, to experience depression • Severe case: suicidal I’m not-OK, You’re OK • Lost interest in living • Extreme case: suicide or homicide I’m not-OK, You’re not-OK
- 19. ”I’m O.K.- You’re O.K” This is the best known expression of the purpose of Transactional Analysis, which is: 1. To reinforce the position that recognizes the value and worth of every person. 2. Transactional Analysits regard people as basically ”O.K”and thus capable of change, growth,and healthy interactions.
- 21. STROKES
- 22. What are strokes? Stroke is a form of recognition(social, physical or emotional) that we receive from people around us. Strokes are of following types: • Positive - When the other person is viewed positively and appreciated in different ways. • Negative - The other person is viewed negatively and reprimanded for his behavior. • Indifference - No attention is paid to the person either positively or negatively.
- 23. Script analysis Acc. To Shakespeare , “All the world is a stage. And all the men and woman are merely players. They have their exits and their entrances. Each plays many parts or roles”. Role in script analysis • Legitimate roles:- these roles are realistically appropriate to the situation. • Illegitimate roles :-the roles are said to be illegitimate if they are used like masks and people use them for the purposes of manipulation
- 24. Time structuring Whenever people get together in pairs or groups, there are six different ways in which they can spend their time. Eric Berne listed these six modes of time structuring as • Withdrawal. • Rituals. • Pastimes. • Activities. • Games. • Intimacy
- 25. 1. Withdrawl: • When a person withdraws, she may stay with the group physically, but does not transact with other group members. • They try to avoid psychological risk of rejection. 2. Rituals • Ritual transactions are simple and stereotyped, complementary transactions, like everyday hellos and good byes. • All children learn the ritual appropriate tin their family culture. • Rituals vary from a simple “Hi” to complicated religious rituals
- 26. Structurally, the program for rituals belong in the parent ego states. Functionally, rituals are usually performed in Adapted child. Pastimes • In pastime, the participants talk about something but engage in no action concerning it. • A frequent clue to pastime is “Pastime = Past time.” • Most often pastimers will discuss on what happened in the past. • Pastiming yields mainly positive strokes, with some negatives. • Compared to rituals, pastime strokes are more intense and predictable.
- 27. Activities • In activity, the communication between the group members is directed at achieving a goal, not just talking about it. • In activity, people are directing their energy towards some material outcomes. • We are likely to be in activity for much of the time at our workplace.
- 28. Games • We all play games from time to time. • In games, group members exchange sequence of transactions and at the end of it, they both feel bad. • All games are replays of childhood strategies that are no longer appropriate to us as grown ups.
- 29. Intimacy In intimacy, there are no secret messages. The social level and psychological levels are congruent. This is an important difference between intimacy and games. In intimacy, feelings expressed are appropriate to finish the situation. By contrast, feelings experienced at the end of a game do nothing to resolve the situation of the players. This is why games are played over and over again.
- 30. Advantages of T.A • Improves Interpersonal Communication • Simple to learn • Applicable to Motivation. • Helps in Organizational Development. • Can be used at home as well as in office.
- 32. Thank You