Presentation on Robotics
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The document provides an overview of robotics, including the history, types, applications, advantages, and disadvantages of robots. It highlights the role of artificial intelligence in robotics, the various components of robots, and their impact on industries and society. The conclusion emphasizes the potential future developments in robotics, including the possibility of super-human robots and their applications in various fields.
Presentation on Robotics
- 1. Welcome I N T E R S O F T W A R E I N T E L L I G E N C E
- 2. INTRODUCTION TO COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY ROBOTICS Inter Software Intelligence 2
- 4. Introduction 6 min 10 min 3 min 10 min 6 min 5 min History RoboticTechnology Types&Applications Advantages&Disadvantages Conclusion Agenda FuturisticView 5 min
- 5. Introduction to Robotics Robotics is concerned with the generation of computer- controlled motions of physical objects in a wide variety of settings Reference: Halperin, D., Kavraki, L., & Latombe, J. C. (1997). Robotics. In In Discrete and Computational.
- 6. Terminology The term robot derives from the Czech word robota (“forced labour” or “serf”) used by Karel Capek in his play R.U.R in 1920. Reference: Palep, J. H. (2009). Robotic assisted minimally invasive surgery. Journal of minimal access surgery, 5(1), 1. Kumar, Vijay. "Introduction to robotics." University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA2014 (2014).
- 7. Robots Robot is a unit that implements this interaction with the physical world based on sensors, actuators, and information processing. Most industrial robots have at least the following five parts: 1 sensors 2 effectors 3 actuators 4 controllers 5 Arms
- 8. Robots and human beings Robots can take any form but many of them have given the human appearance. The robots which have taken the form of human appearance may likely to have the walk like humans, speech, cognition and most importantly all the things a human can do. Most of the robots of today are inspired by nature and are known as bio-inspired robots.
- 9. Many aspects of robotics involve artificial intelligence; robots may be equipped with the equivalent of human senses such as vision, touch, and the ability to sense temperature. Some are even capable of simple decision making A robot in human form is called an android. Aspects of Robots
- 10. Artificial intelligence in Robots Artificial Intelligence is the branch of computer sciences that emphasizes the development of intelligence machines, thinking and working like humans. For example, speech recognition, problem-solving, learning and planning. AI gives robots a computer vision to navigate, sense and calculate their reaction accordingly. Robots learn to perform their tasks from humans through machine learning which is a part of computer programming and AI
- 11. Programming languages in Robots Two main programming languages are the best when used in robotics: C++ and Python, often used together as each one has pros and cons. C++ is used in control loops, image processing and to interface low-level hardware. . To program the robot, the operator moves it from point-to-point, using the buttons on the pendant to move it around and save each position individually.
- 13. The Greek Myth 3500 B.C.E Myths of Hephaestus and Pygmalion incorporate the idea of intelligent mechanisms Egyptian Thinking Machines 2500 B.C.E The idea of “thinking machines” was invented by ancient Egyptians 4500 years ago. Ancient Ideas
- 14. Babylonians Clepsydra 1400 B.C.E - First Robotic Device References: Rees, A. (1970). Rees’s Clocks, Watches and Chronometers, 1819-20. David & Charles Neugebauer, O. (1947). Studies in Ancient Astronomy. VIII. The Water Clock in Babylonian Astronomy. ISIS, 1/2, 37–43. https:/ /doi.org/10.1086/347965
- 15. Al-Jazari's Invention 1206 A.D Arabic engineer Al-Jazari described in detail fifty devices, including this elephant clock which rang every half an hour Reference: Elices, J. (2020). Ismail al-Jazari, the Muslim inventor whom some call “Father of Robotics.” National Geographic History Magazine.
- 16. 1206 A.D. Al-Jazari's Automated Girl References: Al-Jazari, I. (2012). The Book of Knowledge of Ingenious Mechanical Devices (P. Hill, Trans.). Springer Science & Business Media.
- 17. Modern Robotics Unimate — The First Industrial Robot In 1954, George C. Devol invented and patented a reprogrammable manipulator called "Unimate". Standford's Shakey Robot In 1958, Charles Rosen led a research team in developing a robot called "Shakey."
- 18. Universal Robots (UR) e-Series Cobots Boston Dynamics’ Atlas doing parkour Latest Advancements References: Yang, Guang-Zhong, et al. "Ten robotics technologies of the year." Sci. Robot 4.26 (2019)
- 20. Robotic Technology Robotics involves design, construction, operation, and use of robots. Reference: https:/ /en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robotics
- 21. Manipulator or Rover Main body of robot (Links, Joints, other structural element of the robot. End Effecter The part that is connected to the last joint hand of a manipulator Reference: http:/ /seminarprojects.kreview.com/item.php?id=1 33 Robot Components
- 22. Actuators Robot Components Muscles of the manipulators (servomotor, stepper motor, pneumatic and hydraulic cylinder) Sensors To collect information about the internal state of the robot or To communicate with the outside environment Actuators Sensors
- 23. Robot Components Controller Similar to cerebellum. It controls and coordinates the motion of the actuators Controller Software Software Operating system, robotic software and the collection of routines
- 24. Robot Components Processor The brain of the robot. It calculates the motions and the velocity of the robot’s joints, etc Reference: http://www.globalrobots.com/robot- applications.htm
- 25. Laws of Robotics First Law A robot may not injure a human being or, through inaction, allow a human being to come to harm Second Law A robot must obey the orders given it by human beings except where such orders would conflict with the First Law Third Law A robot must protect its own existence as long as such protection does not conflict with the First or Second Law Reference: Clarke, R. (1994). Asimov's laws of robotics: Implications for information technology. 2. Computer, 27(1), 57-66.
- 26. Types & Applications of Robots
- 27. Types • Industrial based Robots • Artificial Intelligence based Robots
- 28. Artificial Intelligence based Robots These Robots required Artificial Intelligence for their working. They work like humans and use AI as their brain. AI contains information about their tasks and these robots are manufactured to do that work.
- 29. Artificial Intelligence based Robots Pre-Programmed Robots Pre-programmed robots operate in a controlled environment where they do simple, monotonous tasks. . The arm serves one function — to weld a door on, to insert a certain part into the engine, etc. and its job is to perform that task longer, faster and more efficiently than a human. Humanoid Robots Humanoid robots are robots that look like and/or mimic human behavior. These robots usually perform human-like activities (like running, jumping and carrying objects), and are sometimes designed to look like us, even having human faces and expressions.
- 30. Artificial Intelligence based Robots Autonomous Robots Autonomous robots operate independently of human operators. These robots are usually designed to carry out tasks in open environments that do not require human supervision. Teleoperated Robots Teleoperated robots are mechanical bots controlled by humans. These robots usually work in extreme geographical conditions, weather, circumstances, etc. Augmenting Robots Augmenting robots either enhance current human capabilities or replace the capabilities a human may have lost.
- 31. Artificial Intelligence based Robots Application · Security and Surveillance in crimes · Surgical Assistance These are most tele-manipulators. · Defense · Research & Development · Education in terms of experiments and practice · Cleaning
- 32. Industrial based Robots These robots are based on much of mechanical work and they don't require AI for their actions. They are mostly use in Industries to lift heavy loads and in transferring items. Their programming is easy than AI but they can only do specific tasks at specific angles.
- 33. Industrial based Robots Articulated Robots An articulated robot is the type of robot that comes to mind when most people think about robots. Much like CNC mills, articulated robots are classified by the number of points of rotation or axes they have. Flexibility, dexterity, and reach make articulated robots ideally suited for tasks that span non-parallel planes, such as machine tending. SCARA Robots A Selective Compliance Articulated Robot Arm (SCARA) is a good — and cost-effective — choice for performing operations between two parallel planes. SCARA robots are lightweight and have small footprints, making them ideal for applications in crowded spaces. They are also capable of very fast cycle times.
- 34. Industrial based Robots Delta Robots Delta robots, also referred to as “spider robots,” use three base-mounted motors to actuate control arms that position the wrist. A delta robot’s arm is very lightweight so it works fast with light loads. Cartesian Robots Cartesian robots typically consist of three or more linear actuators assembled to fit a particular application. Positioned above a workspace, cartesian robots can be elevated to maximize floor space and accommodate a wide range of workpiece sizes.
- 35. Industrial based Robots Cylindrical Robots The robot has at least one rotary joint at the base and at least one prismatic joint to connect the links. The rotary joint uses a rotational motion along the joint axis, while the prismatic joint moves in a linear motion. Cylindrical robots operate within a cylindrical-shaped work envelope. Polar Robots Also called spherical robots, in this configuration the arm is connected to the base with a twisting joint and a combination of two rotary joints and one linear joint. The axes form a polar coordinate system and create a spherical-shaped work envelope.
- 36. Industrial based Robots Applications · Arc Welding · Spot Welding · Materials Handling · Machine Tending · Painting · Picking, Packing and Palletizing
- 38. Increased Efficiency Industrial robots can complete certain tasks faster and more efficiently than humans as they are designed and built to perform them with higher accuracy. They are used to increase the efficiency of production lines. Advantages of Robitics Increased Profitability The results of introducing robots can only ensure higher profitability levels with lower cost per product as by increasing the efficiency of your process, reducing the resource and time required to complete it. Reference: SP Technology , AUGUST 3, 2018 , PLASTIKMEDIA GUEST https:/ /www.plastikmedia.co.uk/advantages-disadvantages-of-industrial-robots/
- 39. Works in Every Environment Advantages of Robitics Reference: Advantages and disadvantages of using robots in our life, PUBLISHED MAY 20, 2016 https:/ /www.online-sciences.com/robotics/advantages-and-disadvantages-of-using-robots-in-our-life/ Longer Working Hours As human breaks in the working day are required. Whereas robots can work 24/7 and keep working at 100% efficiency. On average a 40% increase in the output of a production line occurs when one key person is replaced by a robot. Robots are designed to work in harsh environments like in space, without the air, underwater & in the fire, They can be used instead of the people when the human safety is a concern.
- 40. Advantages of Robitics Reference: SP Technology , AUGUST 3, 2018 , PLASTIKMEDIA GUEST https:/ /www.plastikmedia.co.uk/advantages-disadvantages-of-industrial-robots/ Improved Quality Improved working environment Some tasks are too dangerous or laborious and repetitive for humans to carry out and so robots can perform these tasks instead. Working conditions can be vastly improved. Given their higher levels of accuracy, robots can be used to produce higher quality products which result in the reduction of time required for quality control and ensures that standards of quality are adhered to.
- 41. Disadvantages of Robotics Huge Investments It costs a lot of money to make or buy robots. The software and the equipment that you need to use with the robot cost much money. In case of breakdown, the cost of repair may be very high. Proper Maintenance Robots need maintenance to keep them running. The programs needs to be updated to suit the changing requirements. The procedure to restore lost code or data may be time-consuming & costly. Reference: Advantages and disadvantages of using robots in our life, PUBLISHED MAY 20, 2016 https:/ /www.online-sciences.com/robotics/advantages-and-disadvantages-of-using-robots-in-our-life/
- 42. Replace Humans Robots can take the place of many humans in factories. This will lead to unemployment. The humans may become overly dependent on the machines and lose their mental capacities. Not Completely Reliable The robot can also result in a lag. If the robot has malfunctioned, you need extra time to fix it, which would require reprogramming. Disadvantages of Robotics Reference: Advantages and disadvantages of using robots in our life, PUBLISHED MAY 20, 2016 https:/ /www.online-sciences.com/robotics/advantages-and-disadvantages-of-using-robots-in-our-life/
- 43. Disadvantages of Robotics Robots are not intelligent or sentient. They can never improve the results of their jobs outside of their predefined programming. This limits how the robots can help & interact with people. They can perform repetitive tasks for a long time but they do not get better with experience such as the humans do. Reference: Advantages and disadvantages of using robots in our life, PUBLISHED MAY 20, 2016 https:/ /www.online-sciences.com/robotics/advantages-and-disadvantages-of-using-robots-in-our-life/ Deficit in Self Learning
- 45. Predictions of Tomomichi Sugihara & Shuuji Kajita Super-Human Robots expected to appear in 2050 Reference: Kajita, S., & Sugihara, T. (2009). Humanoid robots in the future. Advanced Robotics, 23(11), 1527-1531.
- 46. Better Health Facilities • Global Market will Reaches $12.4b by 2024 • Over-aged population double by 2050 as in 2000 • Fill the shortage of 14 million Health Workers by 2030 in England Alone Reference: Russell, J. (2017, November 24). The future of medical robotics | ITProPortal. ITProPortal; ITProPortal. https:/ /www.itproportal.com/features/the-future-of-medical-robotics/
- 47. Better Policing • As Prison Guards • As Traffic Police • As Lifesaving Guard • As Robot Dog During The Pandemic Reference: What Could Be The Future Of Robot Policing In Smart Cities? (2020, July 8). Smart City; SmartCity Press. https:/ /www.smartcity.press/robot-policing-in-smart-cities/
- 48. Dubai planning to recruit enough robots to make up 25% of its police force by 2030 Reference: Page, T. (2017, May 22). The inevitable rise of the robocops - CNN. CNN; CNN. https:/ /edition.cnn.com/2017/05/22/tech/robot-police-o cer-future-dubai/index.html
- 49. Assistants • In shopping malls • In Agriculture • In Education • In Hospitals/Nursing Homes • Public Places • For Aircraft Inspectors • For Elderly People • For Children • For Everyone & Everywhere Reference: The Kiplinger Washington Editors. (2013, March 19). 6 Fields Where Robots Are Taking Charge | Kiplinger. Kiplinger; Kiplinger. https:/ /www.kiplinger.com/slideshow/business/t057-s005-robots-taking-charge/index.html
- 50. Conclusion • Scientists say that it is possible that a robot brain will exist by 2019 . • Vernor Vinge has suggested that a moment may come when computers and robots are smarter than humans. • In 2009, some robots acquired various forms of semi-autonomy, including being able to find power sources on their own. • The Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence has researched on this problem.
- 51. Conclusion The robotics field is quite promising but to make a really intelligent robot takes supreme effort. The ultimate goal of robotics is a super human system that embodies all the skills (such as intelligence, touch and sensitivity) of humans without of any their limitations (such as strength, ageing). Today we find most robots working for people in industries, factories, warehouses, and laboratories. Robots are useful in many ways. For instance, it boosts economy because businesses need to be efficient to keep up with the industry competition. Therefore, having robots helps business owners to be competitive, because robots can do jobs better and faster than humans can, e.g. robot can built, assemble a car. Yet robots cannot perform every job, today robots roles include assisting research and industry. Finally,as the technology improves, there will be new ways to use robots which will bring new hopes and new potentials.
- 52. Questions?