interviewing PLAN: Interview issues and types Isssues and Complexities The Interview Prosess Conducting the Interview Online Interviews
- 1. South Kazakhstan Pedagogical University named after U. Zhanibekov INTERVIEWING Prepared by: Abduzhaparova А., Asambaeva U., Berdibay N., Meirbek S.
- 2. PLAN: Interview issues and types Isssues and Complexities The Interview Prosess Conducting the Interview Online Interviews Strategies Introduction
- 3. Introduction I like to listen. I have learned a great deal from listening carefully. Most people never listen. Ernest Hemingway Interviewing: the 'art of asking' or the 'art of listening'? There is no doubt that asking and listening are both crucial to the interview process, but we tend to spend a much greater proportion of our time working on getting our questions and questioning right. When it comes to the listening end of things, we barely give it a mention. Well, according to Hemingway, 'Most people never listen', and unfortunately, there are quite a few researchers who would rather talk than listen. Remember: your job is to talk only enough to facilitate someone else's ability to answer. It is your interviewees' voice that you are seeking, and it is their voice that needs to be drawn out. Interview A method of data collection that involves researchers seeking open-ended answers related to a number of questions, topic areas or themes.
- 5. WILL YOU CONDUCT YOUR INTERVIEW IN A FORMAL MANNER OR WILL BE MORE RELAXED? Informal Formal
- 6. WILL YOUR INTERVIEWS BE HIGHLY STRUCTURED OR MORE FREE FLOWING? Semi- structured Structured Unstructured
- 7. WILL YOU INTERVIEW ONE PERSON AT A TIME OR WILL YOU ATTEMPT TO TACKLE A GROUP? Multiple One-to-one Focus group
- 8. ISSUES AND COMPLEXITIES What could be better than getting out there and actually talking to real people, asking them what they really think, finding out at first- hand how they genuinely feel? Well, interviews allow all of this, but like any other data-collection method, the opportunities are balanced by a series of challenges. Interviews allow you to develop rapport and trust; provide you with rich, in-depth qualitative data; allow for non-verbal as well as verbal data; are flexible enough to allow you to explore tangents; are structured enough to generate standardized, quantifiable data.
- 9. THE INTERVIEW PROCESS As with surveying, conducting a ‘good’ interview is a process that requires a lot more steps than you may realize. Interviewing involves the need to: plan for all contingencies; prepare an interview schedule and data-recording system; run a trial and modify the process as appropriate; conduct the interviews; and, finally, analyse the data.
- 10. PLANNING So exactly how much planning needs to go into an interview? Don’t you just show up and ask a few questions? If only it were that easy. As well as being clear on all the details of the interview process, you need to remember that there are two key players who need to be considered. The first is your interviewee. You need to thoughtfully decide on who you will be interviewing. The second key player is you, the interviewer. This is a role that needs to be reflexively considered. You need to recognize that you do have power as an interviewer and that you can influence the responses of your interviewee. If you do not work up a plan for neutralizing this influence, you can jeopardize the integrity of your results.
- 11. THE SUCCESS OF YOUR INTERVIEW WILL HINGE UPON THE FORETHOUGHT YOU HAVE PUT INTO THE PLANNING PROCESS Population and sample Access Your role Your biases Ethics Data Details Potential cultural Contingencies
- 12. DEVELOPING YOUR INTERVIEW SCHEDULE AND RECORDING SYSTEM Draft questions and themes Review Rewrite questions Order questions Prepare additional information Decide on recording medhods Train any note takers
- 13. PILOTING AND MODIFICATION Have a run-through 1. Reflect 2. Seek feedback 3. Review notes/transcribe data 4. Make modifications 5. Back to the start? 6.
- 14. CONDUCTING YOUR INTERVIEW INVOLVES THE NEED TO: Take care of preliminaries Make your interviewee as comfortable as possible Ease into main questions Keep a balance Wind down and close the interview Organize your data as soon as possible Thematic analysis
- 15. ONLINE INTERVIEWS Online interviewing allows you to expand your geographic boundaries – interviewing someone overseas is no longer an issue. In fact, a single focus group can have participants from all over the globe. Instant messaging or a webcam, you are actually engaged in a computer-mediated relationship. As such, you will need to consider how you will: ensure that participants have access to the needed technology – computer, webcam, high-speed Internet, programs such as Skype; ensure participants have the technical competence/motivation to get it all working properly (think of the aged here); if using instant messaging, ensure that participants can type/write well; establish rapport and trust; achieve long-term commitment, if necessary; control for interruptions.
- 16. THANK You