Intro biochemvet2
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The document summarizes the four main types of biological compounds: proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and nucleic acids. Proteins are composed of amino acid building blocks linked together via peptide bonds. Carbohydrates include sugars and starches, and are made up of monosaccharides linked by dehydration synthesis. Lipids are composed of glycerol and fatty acids and function in energy storage and insulation. Nucleic acids such as DNA and RNA contain sugars, phosphates, and nitrogen bases and carry the genetic blueprint of organisms.
Intro biochemvet2
- 1. Veterinary Biochemistry 09/05/10 Introduction 2
- 2. Chemistry of Living Things C,H,O,N = 96% All biological compounds are based on hydrocarbon chains C-C-C-C-C-C Chains are very long 4 Main types of biological compounds Proteins Carbohydrates Lipids Nucleic Acids
- 3. Proteins Composed of amino acid building blocks COOH group NH 2 Group Protein = Many amino acids hooked together Special covalent bond = peptide bond Links C-N-C Only found in proteins Proteins = polypeptides As 2 amino acids are hooked together one HOH is removed = dehydration synthesis or condensation Protein
- 4. A.A. + A.A. dipeptide + HOH (A.A. + A.A.) 1001 polypeptide + 1001 HOH
- 5. Functions of proteins Structure of cells Enzymes Muscles Cell Membranes Some Hormones insulin
- 6. Carbohydrates = sugars and starches Composed of monosaccharides (single sugars) m.s.+m.s. disaccharide + HOH Dehydration synthesis (m.s.+m.s. polysaccharide+many HOH (polysaccharide = starch) Examples of monosaccharides Glucose Fructose Galactose Examples of disaccharides Sucrose Lactose Maltose
- 7. Energy source Fast energy from monosaccharides Energy Storage Starches ie: animal starch = glycogen ie: plant starch = amylose Structure Cellulose Makes plant cell walls Made of glucose Cannot be digested by animals Most abundant organic molecule Chitin Makes up insect shells Made of glucose
- 8. Lipids = fats, oils, waxes and steroids Fats made of glycerol+3 fatty acids glycerol+3 fatty acids fat+3 HOH Dehydration Synthesis Functions Long term energy storage Migratory animals Insulation Cushion for vital organs Cell membranes Hormones = steroids Protection Leaves of plants
- 9. Nucleic Acids = DNA + RNA Made of 3 components 5-C sugar Phosphate Nitrogen Base Together these make 1 nucleotide Nucleotides = Building Blocks Nucleotides hook together via Dehydration Synthesis Functions Carries genetic code/blueprint