Intro ch 07_a
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This document discusses operating systems and their core functions. It describes different types of operating systems including real-time, single-user/single-tasking, single-user/multitasking, and multi-user/multitasking. The key functions of operating systems are providing a user interface, running programs, managing hardware devices, and organizing file storage. Graphical user interfaces and command line interfaces are discussed. Utilities that enhance operating systems like backup software, anti-virus software, firewalls, and intrusion detection are also outlined.
Intro ch 07_a
- 1. Copyright © 2006 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.McGraw-Hill Technology Education Introduction to Computers INSTRUCTOR:INSTRUCTOR: DR SHAFIULLAH SOOMRODR SHAFIULLAH SOOMRO s.soomro@quest.edu.pks.soomro@quest.edu.pk COURSE SLIDE WEB PAGE :COURSE SLIDE WEB PAGE : HTTPS://WWW.SLIDESHARE.NET/SAFISOOMROHTTPS://WWW.SLIDESHARE.NET/SAFISOOMRO TEXTBOOKS:TEXTBOOKS: UCUC -- UNDERSTANDING COMPUTERS (2000UNDERSTANDING COMPUTERS (2000 ED.)ED.)
- 2. Copyright © 2006 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.McGraw-Hill Technology Education Chapter 7A Operating System Basics
- 3. 7A-3 Functions of Operating Systems • Provide a user interface • Run programs • Manage hardware devices • Organized file storage
- 4. Types of Operating Systems • Real-time operating system – Very fast small OS – Built into a device – Respond quickly to user input – MP3 players, Medical devices
- 5. Types of Operating Systems • Single user/Single tasking OS – One user works on the system – Performs one task at a time – MS-DOS and Palm OS – Take up little space on disk – Run on inexpensive computers
- 6. Types of Operating Systems • Single user/Multitasking OS – User performs many tasks at once – Most common form of OS – Windows XP and OS X – Require expensive computers – Tend to be complex
- 7. Types of Operating Systems • Multi user/Multitasking OS – Many users connect to one computer – Each user has a unique session – UNIX, Linux, and VMS – Maintenance can be easy – Requires a powerful computer
- 8. Multi user/Multi tasking OS
- 9. Providing a User Interface • User interface – How a user interacts with a computer – Require different skill sets
- 10. Providing a User Interface • Graphical user interface (GUI) – Most common interface • Windows, OS X, Gnome, KDE – Uses a mouse to control objects – Uses a desktop metaphor – Shortcuts open programs or documents – Open documents have additional objects – Task switching – Dialog boxes allow directed input
- 12. Providing a User Interface • Command line interfaces – Older interface • DOS, Linux, UNIX – User types commands at a prompt – User must remember all commands – Included in all GUIs
- 14. Running Programs • Many different applications supported • System call – Provides consistent access to OS features • Share information between programs – Copy and paste – Object Linking and Embedding
- 15. Managing Hardware • Programs need to access hardware • Interrupts – CPU is stopped – Hardware device is accessed • Device drivers control the hardware
- 16. Organizing Files and Folders • Organized storage • Long file names • Folders can be created and nested • All storage devices work consistently
- 17. Enhancing an OS • Utilities – Provide services not included with OS – Goes beyond the four functions – Firewall, anti-virus and compression – Prices vary
- 18. Enhancing an OS • Backup software – Archives files onto removable media – Ensures data integrity – Most OS include a backup package – Many third party packages exist
- 19. Backup Software
- 20. Enhancing an OS • Anti-virus software – Crucial utility – Finds, blocks and removes viruses – Must be updated regularly – McAfee and Norton Anti-Virus
- 21. Enhancing an OS • Firewall – Crucial utility – Protects your computer from intruders – Makes computer invisible to hackers – Zone Labs is a home firewall – Cisco sells hardware firewalls
- 22. Enhancing an OS • Intrusion detection – Often part of a firewall package – Announces attempts to breach security – Snort is a Linux based package
- 23. Enhancing an OS • Screen savers – Crucial utility for command line systems • Prevents burn in – Merely fun for GUI systems – Screen saver decorates idle screens
- 24. Copyright © 2006 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.McGraw-Hill Technology Education Chapter 7A End of Chapter
- 25. Project due Nov. 30 • Login to Unix or Linux workstation and run latex. • script t • whoami • man passwd • passwd • w • finger fuh • finger @linux3 • vi chapter1.tex • textwidth 7.2 in • textheight 9.75 in • LARGE normalsize • Huge normalsize • latex chapter5.tex • dvips -f chapter5 >! t.ps • ghostview t.ps • lpr t.ps • df • du • ls • date • ps • exit • more t
Editor's Notes
- #4: Teaching Tip File and folder storage is covered in chapter 6.
- #7: Teaching tip It is true that multi-tasking operating systems are complex. However both XP and OS X make the multitasking process painless for the user.
- #8: Teaching tip Multi-user Multitasking OS's are found on supercomputers, mainframes and minicomputers. Through Linux, a PC can also support user sessions and terminal connections.
- #11: Insider information The first commercial GUI was the Xerox Star. Teaching Tip There are several types of dialog boxes. Any errors are displayed in a dialog box. This box is system modal - it requires a response before returning to the OS. Save and print boxes are application modal - The box must be dealt with before returning to the application. However, other OS tasks can be performed.
- #13: Teaching tip Demonstrate the command line interface in Windows by running cmd. In the command line interface use ping and ipconfig as commands that cannot be run in the GUI.
- #15: Teaching tip Most students have never encountered a link. I use MS Excel and MS Word to link. Create and save a simple spreadsheet in Excel. Copy the spreadsheet to the clipboard. Open MS Word and paste-link the spreadsheet. Save the MS Word document. Then change and save the spreadsheet in Excel. The word document is automatically updated.
- #16: Discussion point The mouse uses an interrupt. Many users will move the mouse while waiting for the CPU to finish a task. What does moving the mouse do to the current process? Teaching tip Discuss what can happen when the wrong driver is installed on a computer.
- #18: Discussion point With Windows XP and SP2, Microsoft has included a firewall and pop-up blocker both typically considered utility software. In the near future, the core services provided by an OS may include security features.
- #22: Teaching tip Windows XP includes a firewall. Service pack 2 will turn this firewall on by default. To test your computer’s security visit www.grc.com and run the various Shields Up! tests