Intro ch 07_a
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Operating systems provide a user interface, run programs, manage hardware devices, and organize file storage. There are several types of operating systems including real-time, single-user/single-tasking, single-user/multitasking, and multi-user/multitasking. Operating systems provide a graphical user interface or command line interface for users. They run programs through system calls, manage hardware through interrupts and device drivers, and organize files and folders in a consistent way across storage devices. Operating systems can be enhanced with utilities like backup software, antivirus software, firewalls, and intrusion detection to provide additional services beyond the core functions.
Intro ch 07_a
- 1. Copyright © 2006 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.McGraw-Hill Technology Education McGraw-Hill Technology Education Copyright © 2006 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
- 2. Copyright © 2006 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.McGraw-Hill Technology Education Chapter 7A Operating System Basics
- 3. Functions of Operating Systems • Provide a user interface • Run programs • Manage hardware devices • Organized file storage
- 4. Types of Operating Systems • Real-time operating system – Very fast small OS – Built into a device – Respond quickly to user input – MP3 players, Medical devices
- 5. Types of Operating Systems • Single user/Single tasking OS – One user works on the system – Performs one task at a time – MS-DOS and Palm OS – Take up little space on disk – Run on inexpensive computers
- 6. Types of Operating Systems • Single user/Multitasking OS – User performs many tasks at once – Most common form of OS – Windows XP and OS X – Require expensive computers – Tend to be complex
- 7. Types of Operating Systems • Multi user/Multitasking OS – Many users connect to one computer – Each user has a unique session – UNIX, Linux, and VMS – Maintenance can be easy – Requires a powerful computer
- 8. Multi user/Multi tasking OS
- 9. Providing a User Interface • User interface – How a user interacts with a computer – Require different skill sets
- 10. Providing a User Interface • Graphical user interface (GUI) – Most common interface • Windows, OS X, Gnome, KDE – Uses a mouse to control objects – Uses a desktop metaphor – Shortcuts open programs or documents – Open documents have additional objects – Task switching – Dialog boxes allow directed input
- 12. Providing a User Interface • Command line interfaces – Older interface • DOS, Linux, UNIX – User types commands at a prompt – User must remember all commands – Included in all GUIs
- 14. Running Programs • Many different applications supported • System call – Provides consistent access to OS features • Share information between programs – Copy and paste – Object Linking and Embedding
- 15. Managing Hardware • Programs need to access hardware • Interrupts – CPU is stopped – Hardware device is accessed • Device drivers control the hardware
- 16. Organizing Files and Folders • Organized storage • Long file names • Folders can be created and nested • All storage devices work consistently
- 17. Enhancing an OS • Utilities – Provide services not included with OS – Goes beyond the four functions – Firewall, anti-virus and compression – Prices vary
- 18. Enhancing an OS • Backup software – Archives files onto removable media – Ensures data integrity – Most OS include a backup package – Many third party packages exist
- 19. Backup Software
- 20. Enhancing an OS • Anti-virus software – Crucial utility – Finds, blocks and removes viruses – Must be updated regularly – McAfee and Norton Anti-Virus
- 21. Enhancing an OS • Firewall – Crucial utility – Protects your computer from intruders – Makes computer invisible to hackers – Zone Labs is a home firewall – Cisco sells hardware firewalls
- 22. Enhancing an OS • Intrusion detection – Often part of a firewall package – Announces attempts to breach security – Snort is a Linux based package
- 23. Enhancing an OS • Screen savers – Crucial utility for command line systems • Prevents burn in – Merely fun for GUI systems – Screen saver decorates idle screens
- 24. Copyright © 2006 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.McGraw-Hill Technology Education Chapter 7A End of Chapter
Editor's Notes
- #4: Teaching Tip File and folder storage is covered in chapter 6.
- #7: Teaching tip It is true that multi-tasking operating systems are complex. However both XP and OS X make the multitasking process painless for the user.
- #8: Teaching tip Multi-user Multitasking OS's are found on supercomputers, mainframes and minicomputers. Through Linux, a PC can also support user sessions and terminal connections.
- #11: Insider information The first commercial GUI was the Xerox Star. Teaching Tip There are several types of dialog boxes. Any errors are displayed in a dialog box. This box is system modal - it requires a response before returning to the OS. Save and print boxes are application modal - The box must be dealt with before returning to the application. However, other OS tasks can be performed.
- #13: Teaching tip Demonstrate the command line interface in Windows by running cmd. In the command line interface use ping and ipconfig as commands that cannot be run in the GUI.
- #15: Teaching tip Most students have never encountered a link. I use MS Excel and MS Word to link. Create and save a simple spreadsheet in Excel. Copy the spreadsheet to the clipboard. Open MS Word and paste-link the spreadsheet. Save the MS Word document. Then change and save the spreadsheet in Excel. The word document is automatically updated.
- #16: Discussion point The mouse uses an interrupt. Many users will move the mouse while waiting for the CPU to finish a task. What does moving the mouse do to the current process? Teaching tip Discuss what can happen when the wrong driver is installed on a computer.
- #18: Discussion point With Windows XP and SP2, Microsoft has included a firewall and pop-up blocker both typically considered utility software. In the near future, the core services provided by an OS may include security features.
- #22: Teaching tip Windows XP includes a firewall. Service pack 2 will turn this firewall on by default. To test your computer’s security visit www.grc.com and run the various Shields Up! tests