Intro to communication 1
- 2. Definition & Meaning • “The transfer or conveying of meaning“- Oxford Dictionary • “Sharing of experience on the basis of commonness" - Wilbur Schramm. • A process of sharing facts, ideas, opinions, thoughts and information through speech, writing, gestures or symbols between two or more persons.
- 3. Function of Communication • Information • Instruction • Entertainment • Persuasion • Debate and Discussion • Integration
- 6. Characteristics • Two way process with senders and receivers • Dynamic • Continuous • Involves transfer of idea, knowledge, etc. • To create mutual understanding • Can be oral, written, sign or gesture • quality of a communication process depends upon participants as well as the channel involved
- 7. Elements • Sender - The person who sends the message. • Encoding - translation of the messages to the form which can be understood by the receiver • Message - Subject matter of communication. It may contain facts, ideas, feelings or thoughts. • Medium/channel – Media used to convey message. • Receiver - The person who receives the message. • Decoding - reverses the code to get the exact information
- 8. Elements • Feedback - Receiver’s response or reaction or reply to the message • Noise - Noise is any factor that disturbs, confuses or otherwise interferes with communication. • Context - situation of the surrounding where the communication is taking place - could be the sociocultural, political, economic or even psychological and affects the communication process directly.
- 10. Types of Communication Communication Based on target Based on parties Based on formality Based on medium
- 11. Types of Communication Based on target Intrapersonal Interpersonal Group Communication Mass Communication
- 12. Types of Communication Based on parties Internal Vertical Downward Upward Diagonal Horizontal External
- 13. Types of Communication Based on formality Formal Informal
- 14. Types of Communication Based on medium Verbal Oral Speaking Listening Written Writing Reading Non - verbal Facial expression Gestures Body Language Proximity Touch Appearance Silence Pitch/Tone
- 16. 7Cs of Communication • Clear • Concise • Concrete • Correct • Coherent • Complete • Courteous
- 19. Barriers to Communication • Physical Barrier • Semantic &Language Barrier • Socio-psychological Barrier • Cultural Barrier • Organisational Barrier • Inappropriate Medium
- 21. Faulty Organizational Structure • Large working area • Closed office doors • Separate areas for people of different status • It forbids team member from effective interaction with each other.
- 22. Noise • Physical noise (outside disturbance) • Psychological noise (inattentiveness) • Written noise (bad handwriting/typing) • Visual noise (late arrival of employees)
- 23. Time and Distance • Improper Time • Defects in Medium of communication • Network Facilities • Mechanical Breakdowns
- 24. Information Overload • Piling up of tasks due to improper time management. • Excess number of people assigned for same task • Work overload/Information duplication.
- 25. Semantic & Language Barriers Those who speak do not know Those who know do not speak
- 26. Semantics • The study of the meanings of words and phrases in language
- 27. Similar sounding words These words are known as Homophones Pronunciation Spelling Meaning Examples: • pale/pail • alter/altar • buy/bye/by • rain/reign
- 28. Words having multiple pronunciations These words are known as Homographs Spelling Pronunciation Meaning Examples: • The bandage was wound around the wound. • We must polish the Polish furniture. • He could lead if he would get the lead out.
- 29. Words having multiple meaning These Words are also known as homonyms Spelling Pronunciation Meaning Examples: • Never desert your friends in the desert. • Close the window before the bee gets too close
- 30. Denotations and Connotations • Denotation: The literal meaning of a word • Connotation: The emotions and associations connected to a word – Favourable Connotation: 'honest', 'noble', 'sincere’ – Unfavourable Connotation: 'cowardly', 'slow', 'incompetent‘ Examples: • They gave us cheap stuff. • At this shop, they sell things cheap
- 31. Language barriers • Different Languages • No Clarity in Speech
- 32. Language barriers • Using Jargons • Not being specific
- 34. Psychological barrier • Distorted communication because of human psychology problems. • Attitude and opinions • Emotions • Filtering and distortion of message • Status difference • Inattention • Closed mind • Fields of experience
- 35. Psychological barrier • Group identification • Self-image • Premature evaluation • Distrust • Poor retention
- 38. Different Cross Cultural Barrier • Language • Values
- 39. Different Cross Cultural Barrier • Social Relation • Concept of time
- 40. Different Cross Cultural Barrier • Concept of space • Gestures
- 42. Organizational barriers • Loss or distortion of messages as they pass from one level to another • Filtering of information according to one’s understanding/interpretation • Messages not read completely or not understood correctly • Deliberate withholding of information from peers perceived as rivals • Information gap if upper level does not know the true state of affairs
- 43. Organizational barriers • Lack of communication policy • Authoritarian attitude of management • Poorly Defined Authority and Responsibility • Too Many Levels in Organization Structure • Insufficient Communication Training
- 44. Overcoming Communication Barriers • For Physical Barriers- – Appropriate Seating Arrangement – Ensure Visibility & Audibility – Environmental Comfort – Minimise Visual/Oral Distractions • For Semantic Barriers- – Use of Simple Language – Symbols & Charts – Active Listening/ Constructive feedback
- 45. Overcoming Communication Barriers • For Socio-Psychological Barriers- – Attention & Motivation – Assistance & Sympathy • For Cross Cultural Barriers- – Understanding of Traditions & Customs – Detailed information about Culture • For Organisational Barriers- – Simple Organisational Structure – Avoiding Information Overload – Create a climate of trust and openness
- 46. Overcoming Communication Barriers – Develop and use formal information channels in all directions – Encourage the use of multiple channels including formal and informal communications – The organizational structure should fit communication needs.
- 47. Overcoming Communication Barriers • Individual – Active listening – Select the appropriate channel for the message – Make a special effort to understand each other's perspective – Communicate important messages via several different media to ensure that they are received. Make sure that all the messages are consistent
- 48. “What you do speaks so loudly that I cannot hear what you say.” ― Ralph Waldo Emerson Watch your words for they convey message; mind your body language for that conveys even more!!!
- 49. History of Communication • https://www.atlassian.com/communication- through-the-ages-infographic • Movie
Editor's Notes
- #43: rate