Intro to Computers
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This document provides an introduction to computers, including definitions of basic computer components and operations. It discusses the differences between desktops, laptops, tablets, and other devices. It also explains how to purchase computers and protect them from viruses. The key topics covered include the basic parts of a computer and their functions, common software types, how computers connect to networks and the internet, and tips for selecting a new or used computer.
Intro to Computers
- 1. Microsoft Office 2010 Introduction to Computers and How to Purchase Computers and Mobile Devices
- 2. Objectives • Define the term computer and discuss the four basic computer operations: input, process, output, and storage • Define data and information • Identify the differences among desktop computers, notebook computers, and mobile devices • Explain the primary components of the computer and their use • Describe the use of hard disks, flash memory, optical discs, and other storage media Microsoft Office 2010: Introduction to Computers 2
- 3. Objectives • Discuss computer software and explain the difference between system software and application software • Identify several types of application software • Discuss the Internet and World Wide Web • Describe various types of Internet and network attacks and how to protect against them • Explain how to purchase computers and mobile devices Microsoft Office 2010: Introduction to Computers 3
- 4. What Is a Computer? • An electronic device, operating under the control of instructions stored in its own memory, that can: – Accept data (input) – Process the data according to specified rules (process) – Produce results (output) – Store the results (storage) for future use Microsoft Office 2010: Introduction to Computers 4
- 5. What Is a Computer? Microsoft Office 2010: Introduction to Computers 5
- 6. What is a Computer? • Four basic operations compromise the information processing cycle Microsoft Office 2010: Introduction to Computers 6
- 7. The Components of a Computer • The six primary components of a computer are input devices, the processor (control unit and arithmetic/logic unit), memory, output devices, storage devices, and communications devices • The processor, memory, and storage devices are housed in a box-like case called the system unit • A peripheral is a device that connects to the system unit and is controlled by the processor in the computer Microsoft Office 2010: Introduction to Computers 7
- 8. The Components of a Computer Microsoft Office 2010: Introduction to Computers 8
- 9. Personal Computers and Mobile Devices • A personal computer is a computer that can perform all of its input, processing, output, and storage activities by itself • A mobile device is a computing device small enough to hold in your hand Microsoft Office 2010: Introduction to Computers 9
- 10. Personal Computers and Mobile Devices • Desktop computer • Notebook computer – Laptop computer – Netbook – Tablet PC • Mobile devices – Smart phone – Portable media player – Digital camera Microsoft Office 2010: Introduction to Computers 10
- 11. Input Devices • An input device is any hardware component that allows you to enter data and instructions into a computer – A keyboard is an input device that contains keys users press to enter data and instructions into the computer – A stylus is a small metal or plastic device that looks like a tiny ink pen, but uses pressure instead of ink – A mouse is a pointing device that fits comfortably under the palm of your hand – Most notebook computers have a touchpad, a small, flat, rectangular pointing device Microsoft Office 2010: Introduction to Computers 11
- 12. Input Devices Microsoft Office 2010: Introduction to Computers 12
- 13. Input Devices • Other input for mobile devices Microsoft Office 2010: Introduction to Computers 13
- 14. System Unit • The system unit is a case that contains electronic components of the computer used to process data – The processor (CPU) interprets and carries out the basic instructions that operate a computer • Arithmetic/logic unit – Memory (RAM) consists of electronic components that store instructions waiting to be executed and data needed by those instructions Microsoft Office 2010: Introduction to Computers 14
- 15. System Unit Microsoft Office 2010: Introduction to Computers 15
- 16. Output Devices • Output devices are hardware components that convey information to one or more people • A printer is an output device that produces text and graphics on a physical medium such as paper • Ink-jet printer • Photo printer • Laser printer • Multifunction peripheral (all-in-one device) Microsoft Office 2010: Introduction to Computers 16
- 17. Output Devices Microsoft Office 2010: Introduction to Computers 17
- 18. Display Devices • A display device is an output device that visually conveys text, graphics, and video information – LCD monitors use a liquid crystal display to produce images on the screen Microsoft Office 2010: Introduction to Computers 18
- 19. Display Devices Microsoft Office 2010: Introduction to Computers 19
- 20. Storage Devices • A storage device is the computer hardware that records and/or retrieves items to and from storage media • A hard disk is a storage device that contains one or more inflexible, circular platters that use magnetic particles to store data, instructions, and information – Sectors – Tracks Microsoft Office 2010: Introduction to Computers 20
- 21. Storage Devices Microsoft Office 2010: Introduction to Computers 21
- 22. Storage Devices • An external hard disk is a separate freestanding hard disk that connects with a cable to a port on the system unit or communicates wirelessly • A removable hard disk is a hard disk that you insert and remove from a drive Microsoft Office 2010: Introduction to Computers 22
- 23. Storage Devices • Flash memory is a type of memory that can be erased electronically and rewritten – Solid state media – A solid state drive (SSD) is a storage device that typically uses flash memory to store data, instructions, and information Microsoft Office 2010: Introduction to Computers 23
- 24. Storage Devices • A memory card is a removable flash memory device, usually no bigger than 1.5 inches in height or width, that you insert and remove from a slot in a computer, mobile device, or card reader/writer Microsoft Office 2010: Introduction to Computers 24
- 25. Storage Devices • A USB flash drive, sometimes called a thumb drive, is a flash memory storage device that plugs into a USB port on a computer or mobile device • An ExpressCard module is a removable device mobile device that fits in an ExpressCard slot Microsoft Office 2010: Introduction to Computers 25
- 26. Storage Devices • An optical disc is a flat, round, portable metal disc with a plastic coating Microsoft Office 2010: Introduction to Computers 26
- 27. Storage Devices • Cloud storage is an Internet service that provides hard disk storage to computer users Microsoft Office 2010: Introduction to Computers 27
- 28. Communications Devices • A communications device is a hardware component that enables a computer to send (transmit) and receive data, instructions, and information to and from one or more computers or mobile devices – Transmission media Microsoft Office 2010: Introduction to Computers 28
- 29. Computer Software • Software, also called a program, consists of a series of related instructions, organized for a common purpose, that tells the computer what tasks to perform and how to perform them – Graphical user interface – Web application • System software consists of programs to control the operations of computer and its devices • Operating system • Utility program Microsoft Office 2010: Introduction to Computers 29
- 30. Computer Software Microsoft Office 2010: Introduction to Computers 30
- 31. Computer Software • Application software consists of programs designed to make users more productive and/or assist them with personal tasks – Word processing – Presentation – Spreadsheet – Database – E-mail Microsoft Office 2010: Introduction to Computers 31
- 32. Computer Software Microsoft Office 2010: Introduction to Computers 32
- 33. Networks and the Internet • A network is a collection of computers and devices connected together, often wirelessly, via communications devices and transmission media – Local area network – Wide area network Microsoft Office 2010: Introduction to Computers 33
- 34. Networks and the Internet • The Internet is a worldwide collection of networks that links millions of businesses, government agencies, educational institutions, and individuals – Internet service provider (ISP) – Online service provider (OSP) – Wireless Internet service provider (WISP) Microsoft Office 2010: Introduction to Computers 34
- 35. Networks and the Internet • The World Wide Web contains billions of documents called Web pages – Web page – Web site – Web browser – Web address – Hypertext transfer protocol Microsoft Office 2010: Introduction to Computers 35
- 36. Networks and the Internet • When you conduct business activities online, you are participating in electronic commerce, also known as e-commerce – Business to consumer (B2C) – Consumer to consumer (C2C) – Business to business (B2B) Microsoft Office 2010: Introduction to Computers 36
- 37. Searching the Web Microsoft Office 2010: Introduction to Computers 37
- 38. Computer Viruses and Other Malware • Computer virus • Worm • Trojan horse • Rootkit • An antivirus program protects a computer against viruses by identifying and removing any computer viruses found in memory, on storage media, or on incoming files Microsoft Office 2010: Introduction to Computers 38
- 39. Computer Viruses and Other Malware Microsoft Office 2010: Introduction to Computers 39
- 40. How to Purchase a Desktop Computer • Determine the specific software to use on your computer • Know the system requirements of the operating system • Look for bundled software • Avoid buying the least powerful computer available • Consider upgrades to the mouse, keyboard, monitor, printer, microphone, and speakers Microsoft Office 2010: Introduction to Computers 40
- 41. How to Purchase a Desktop Computer • Determine whether to use a broadband or dial-up connection to access the Internet • Use a worksheet to compare computers, services, and other considerations • If you are buying a new computer, you have several purchasing options: buying from a school bookstore, a local computer dealer, a local large retail store, or ordering by mail via telephone or the Web • If you are buying a used computer, stay with name brands such as Dell, Apple, HP, and Gateway • If you have a computer and are upgrading to a new one, then consider selling or trading in the old one Microsoft Office 2010: Introduction to Computers 41
- 42. How to Purchase a Desktop Computer • Be aware of hidden costs • Consider more than just price • Avoid restocking fees • Use a credit card to purchase a new computer • Consider purchasing an extended warranty or service plan Microsoft Office 2010: Introduction to Computers 42
- 43. How to Purchase a Notebook Computer • Determine which computer fits your mobile computing needs • Purchase a notebook computer with a sufficiently large screen • Experiment with different keyboards, pointing devices, and digital pens • Make sure the notebook computer you purchase has an optical disc drive • If necessary, upgrade the processor, memory, and disk storage at the time of purchase • The availability of built-in ports and slots and a USB hub on a notebook computer is important Microsoft Office 2010: Introduction to Computers 43
- 44. How to Purchase a Notebook Computer • If you plan to use your notebook computer for note- taking at school or in meetings, consider a convertible Tablet PC • If you purchase a Tablet PC, determine whether you require multi-touch technology • Purchase a notebook computer with an integrated Web cam • Check with your wireless carrier to see if it offers netbooks for sale • Purchase a notebook computer with a built-in wireless network connection Microsoft Office 2010: Introduction to Computers 44
- 45. How to Purchase a Notebook Computer • If you plan to use your notebook computer for long periods without access to an electrical outlet, purchase a second battery • Purchase a well-padded and well-designed carrying case • If you plan to connect your notebook computer to a video projector, make sure the notebook computer is compatible with the video projector • For improved security and convenience, consider a fingerprint scanner • Review the docking capabilities of the Tablet PC Microsoft Office 2010: Introduction to Computers 45
- 46. How to Purchase a Smart Phone • Choose a wireless carrier and plan that satisfies your needs and budget • Decide on the size, style, and weight of the smart phone that will work best for you • Determine whether you prefer a touch screen, keypad, or mini-keyboard • If you will be synchronizing your smart phone with a program on your computer, select a smart phone that is compatible with the program you wish to use Microsoft Office 2010: Introduction to Computers 46
- 47. How to Purchase a Smart Phone • Compare battery life • Make sure your smart phone has enough memory and storage • Check out the accessories Microsoft Office 2010: Introduction to Computers 47
- 48. How to Purchase a Portable Media Player • Choose a device with sufficient storage capacity • Determine which file formats your new portable media player should support and how you will add files to your library • Consider a portable media player that can play video • Read reviews about the sound quality on the portable media players you are considering Microsoft Office 2010: Introduction to Computers 48
- 49. How to Purchase a Portable Media Player • Select a size and style that works best for you • Check out additional memory cards • Consider rechargeable batteries • Stay within your budget Microsoft Office 2010: Introduction to Computers 49
- 50. How to Purchase a Digital Camera • Determine the type of digital camera that meets your needs • The digital camera with the highest resolution is not always the best • Consider size and weight • Different cameras require different memory cards • Photo editing features can save you time Microsoft Office 2010: Introduction to Computers 50
- 51. How to Purchase a Digital Camera • Make sure that you can see the LCD screen easily • Determine whether your pictures will require you to zoom • Price is important • Know your batteries • Purchase accessories Microsoft Office 2010: Introduction to Computers 51
- 52. Summary • Define the term computer and discuss the four basic computer operations: input, process, output, and storage • Define data and information • Identify the differences among desktop computers, notebook computers, and mobile devices • Explain the primary components of the computer and their use • Describe the use of hard disks, flash memory, optical discs, and other storage media Microsoft Office 2010: Introduction to Computers 52
- 53. Summary • Discuss computer software and explain the difference between system software and application software • Identify several types of application software • Discuss the Internet and World Wide Web • Describe various types of Internet and network attacks and how to protect against them • Explain how to purchase computers and mobile devices Microsoft Office 2010: Introduction to Computers 53
- 54. Microsoft Office 2010 Introduction to Computers Complete