The document discusses lambda calculus, a formal system for mathematical logic that expresses computation using variable binding and substitution. It was introduced in the 1930s by mathematician Alonzo Church as a way to investigate the foundations of mathematics. The document then discusses how lambda calculus concepts like first-class and higher-order functions, purity, and immutability influence functional programming (FP). It also discusses how Elixir, which is influenced by FP and the Erlang VM, provides concurrency, fault tolerance, and distribution capabilities useful for telecom and other applications.
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