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Microphone Types & Polar Patterns
“Introduction to Music Production” assignment 1: by Janice Reid
Introduction
Explaining how to use the
radio automation software
Introduction
“Mother hen” – watching
progress!
Introduction
A “studio technician” learns
how to make station IDs with
Audacity – a simple freeware
audio editor
Microphone types
• Condenser
• Ribbon
• Piezo-electric
• Dynamic
Microphone types
(source: wikipedia)
Condenser microphones:
• Take power from the interface
(phantom power, or +48)
• Known for sound fidelity
• Often can be set to different
polar patterns
• Sensitive to room noise or
ambient noise
• Fragile
Intro to Music Production: assignment 1 (microphone types and polar patterns)
Microphone types
(source: sweetwater.com).
Dynamic microphones:
• Good general stage mic
• Rugged
• Polar pattern is better for
noisy environments or
where multiple
instruments are mic’d at
the same time
Intro to Music Production: assignment 1 (microphone types and polar patterns)
Microphone polar patterns
(source: eu.audio-technica.com)
0
180
90270
Each circle represents 5dB
of sensitivity, so you can see
where the microphone picks
sound more strongly or more
weakly at different points.
The further out, the better
the pickup.
The red line in the following
diagrams shows the
approximate pick-up or
“hearing” range of the
different microphones up to
a maximum of 1kHz.
Microphone polar patterns
Cardioid: an inverted
heart-shape
0
180
90270
Microphone polar patterns
Hyper-cardioid and
super-cardioid: the front
range of sensitivity is
similar to cardioid but is
slightly tighter at the sides.
0
180
90270
Microphone polar patterns
Omni-directional: equal
sensitivity in every
direction
0
180
90270
Microphone polar patterns
Bi-directional: also known as
“figure eight,” this type of
polar pattern allows a
microphone to hear equally
well from opposite sides
0
180
90270
Microphone polar patterns
Uni-directional: a
long, narrow area of
sensitivity
0
180
90270
So…which microphone?
0
180
90270
? ?
?
? ?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
? ?
?
?
?
So…which microphone?
0
180
90270
? ?
?
? ?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
? ?
?
?
?
So…which microphone?
0
180
90270

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Intro to Music Production: assignment 1 (microphone types and polar patterns)