Intro to Quantum Computing - IndiQ Hyderabad meetup (Feb 2nd)
- 1. It’s Fundamentally differentQuantum computing 101 With Qiskit Rana Prathap IIT Kharagpur (Math and Computing), Qiskit Camp Asia 2019.
- 2. 2020 Budget speech by FM Nirmala Sitharaman
- 3. It’s Fundamentally different ● Quantum bit (Qubit): Source
- 4. where are we in Quantum Computing? Google Quantum Supremacy performed the target computation in 200 seconds, and from measurements in the experiment we determined that it would take the world’s fastest supercomputer 10,000 years to produce a similar output. 2019 First quantum computer you can buy D Wave (founded in 1999) made the first commercially available for 10 million dollars. 2011 Richard Feynman Richard Feynman points out that quantum systems can only be effectively simulated using a quantum computer. Exponentially increasing problem complexity. 1985 Shor’s factorization algorithm A seminal paper by Peter W. Shor proposed an algorithm that can exponentially speed up factoring a number. 1996
- 5. What are we learning today? Quantum Mechanics Quantum Information Quantum Computation Gate based Annealing , ... Quantum Cryptography Information Theory Quantum Key Distribution Quantum Error Correction
- 6. How powerful is a QC? (Google Quantum Supremacy) Classical vs Quantum : 10,000 years vs 200 seconds!! And that is using just a 54 qubit computer! 1,576,800,000 times speed up! (~1.5 billion) <- Google’s Sycamore Chip used for showing quantum supremacy
- 7. Image Source
- 8. Quantum Use Cases Airbus Quantum Challenge
- 9. Properties that make QC’s different ● Superposition Exponential speedups as number of qubits grow ● Entanglement Spooky action at a distance. ● Reversible computing 10-15W vs 20kW (Energy consumption of chip vs cryostat) ● Privacy (No-cloning theorem)
- 10. Quantum Algorithms ● Shor’s factorization algorithm ● Grover’s search algorithm ● Deutsch-Jozsa algorithm ● HHL algorithm - Quantum machine learning Useful in the NISQ era - (these are mostly hybrid algorithms) ● QAOA - Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm ● VQE - Variational Quantum Eigensolver
- 11. Quantum Programming ● OpenQASM ● pyQuil (Forest SDK)(Rigetti) ● Qiskit (IBM) : IBM Q Experience ● Q# (Microsoft) : Azure Quantum (Honeywell, QCI, IonQ) ● : Amazon Braket (Rigetti, IonQ, D-Wave) ● Cirq (Google) : Google NISQ applications
- 12. Problems faced today ● Hard to build and retain qubits due to decoherence ● High amount of noise ● Need for better quantum algorithms ● Algorithms like Shor’s can’t be implemented today ● All hardwares have their own pros and cons ● Data storage? ● Debugging?
- 13. Qubit? Analogous to the coin flip example - a coin, while its spinning in the air is in a superposition of heads and tails. Bloch sphere representation of a qubit We require a cylinder to accommodate for the extra degree of freedom - phase Ignoring global phase
- 14. Qubit - (math starts here) Mathematical representation: Bloch Sphere: I like to think of it as polarization of light. X and + basis
- 15. Bit of math ● Quantum states are column vectors ● Multiple qubit states. How do we get there? (Kronecker product)
- 17. A few gates Let’s look at a few gates and build up to a quantum adder!
- 18. Using kronecker product for parallel gate operations ● Parallel gates (use kronecker product) ● Serially wired gates (use matrix multiplication)
- 19. Pauli - X gate (similar to classical not) ● Flips |0> to |1> and vice versa
- 20. H gate (Hadamard) ● Puts any state in an equal superposition of basis states (phase will vary)
- 21. CX/Cnot (If…then) -- XOR? ● If (control = 1){ Then flip target qubit }
- 22. Ccx/toffoli gate ● Similar to a classical AND circuit
- 23. Classical adder to a Quantum adder ● If first qubit is true then flip second. ● Double controlled not
- 24. Resources to explore ● Qiskit tutorials ● Qiskit textbook ● Qiskit Camp projects - some project ideas ● Interactive map of various QC companies ● Q2B conference videos ● Rigetti Computing ● D Wave - quantum annealing ● Quantum computing for computer scientists - book ● Amazon braket ● Google Cirq ● Google quantum supremacy paper ● IBM Quantum Challenge 2019 ● Quantum Computing Report
- 25. Quantum computing in India - IndiQ Monthly meetups in major cities like Hyderabad, Delhi, Bangalore. Meetup group Twitter Website’s coming soon at indiq.in Join the Qiskit slack workspace which has a #india channel
- 26. Can’t thank them enough ● Frederik Hardervig - Qiskit Advocate, Co-organizer Core Team: ● Sunayana Patro ● Utkarsh Azad ● Mahathi Vempati ● Nikhil Vemuri
- 28. Image sources ● Bloch sphere gifs: https://desireevl.com/posts/quantum-intro ● Quantum gates: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_logic_gate ● Kronecker Product: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kronecker_product ● Sycamore chip: https://www.nytimes.com/2019/10/30/opinion/google-quantum-computer-sycamore.html ● Quantum computer: https://www.roche.com/quantum-computing.htm ● Airbus Quantum Challenge: https://www.airbus.com/innovation/tech-challenges-and-competitions/airbus- quantum-computing-challenge.html