Introducing the LEED Resilient Design Pilot Credits
- 1. Introducing the LEED® Resilient Design Pilot Credits Gulf Coast Green Mary Ann Lazarus FAIA, LEED BD+C Principal, MALeco April 28, 2016
- 2. Program Overview • Why Resilient Design, Why Now? • LEED Resilient Design Pilot Credits • Project Example • Discussion
- 3. RESILIENCE IS MORE THAN • Disaster Recovery • Hardening • Emergency Preparedness • Climate Change MiNgaNon • Sustainability RESILIENCE IS ABOUT • Long term Planning • AdaptaNon • Short-‐term Survivability • Cascading Impacts • Community Building • Durability/Flexibility • Responsiveness
- 4. DepleNon Sustainability Time Resources Renewal Resilience/ Sustainability Sustainability = the ability to survive for all living things Resilience = the ability to thrive and adapt to change, through learning, for all living things Source: Eskew Dumez Ripple Source: A Framework for Resilient Design Eskew+Dumez+Ripple
- 5. Resilience Definition Resilience is the capacity to adapt to changing condiNons and to maintain or regain funcNonality and vitality in the face of stress or disturbance. It is the capacity to bounce back aYer a disturbance or interrupNon. Resilient Design InsNtute
- 6. WHY RESILIENT DESIGN WHY NOW?
- 7. Hurricane Risk Areas Earthquake Hazard Areas Fire Danger Zones
- 8. New earthquake Advisory from USGS “…some places in Oklahoma, Kansas, Colorado, New Mexico, Texas, and Arkansas may experience damage if the induced seismicity continues unabated” Source: USGS http://earthquake.usgs.gov/hazards/induced/
- 9. Risks TornadosHurricanesFloodsEarthquakesTotal Risk Picture Resilience is needed everywhere
- 10. April, 2016!!
- 11. Changing conditions in the Northwest Source: USGCPR report Climate Change Impacts in the United States, 2014
- 12. Latest Climate News Source: NOAA January 20, 2016
- 13. How Hot and Wet was Houston in 2015? Source: New York Times Temperature: 1.3 above normal Precipitation : 22.5” above normal
- 14. 8 of the 10 costliest hurricanes in US history occurred in the past decade. According to FEMA 20152005 $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ Source: AIA NaNonal
- 15. Business Case: Cost impacts
- 16. Short-Term Impacts: Power Outages Blackout caused by Hurricane Sandy on October 29, 2012 – photo: Eric Chang
- 17. Energy Distribution in the U.S. • 160,000 miles of high- voltage power lines • 3,400 power plants • 150 refineries, half in the Gulf Coast • 2.5 million miles of oil and gas pipelines
- 18. Cascading impacts – Short Term Gas line in Woodbridge, NJ on November 1, 2012 – photo: AP
- 19. Drought & Water Shortages Lake Heron, Los Ojos, New Mexico, August 2014. Photo: Eddie Moore, Albuquerque Journal Lake Lanier near Atlanta, September, 2007 – Photo: Washington Post
- 20. State/Regional Hazard Mitigation Requirements HOUSTON-GALVESTON AREA COUNCIL REGIONAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN 2011 UPDATE Approved: October 11, 2012
- 21. Government Drivers: Executive Actions on Climate Change ExecuNve Order 13653
- 22. Department of Defense Directive January 14, 2016 “The DoD must be able to adapt current and future operaNons to address the impacts of climate change in order to maintain an effecNve and efficient U.S. military.”
- 23. Resilience applies at all Scales
- 25. ▪ Infrastructure failure ▪ Hurricanes ▪ Earthquakes ▪ Wildfires ▪ Heat waves ▪ Blizzard ▪ Health epidemics Shocks Stresses § Affordable housing § Aging population § Environmental degradation § Sea level rise § Growing wealth gap § Drought § Species extinction Source: AIA Na-onal and 100 Resilient Ci-es ▪ Flooding ▪ Tornadoes ▪ Acts of terrorism ▪ Civil unrest ▪ Dam failure ▪ Subsidence ▪ Liquefaction § Aging Infrastructure § Population growth § Unemployment § Melting polar ice caps § Global warming § Food scarcity § Increasing pollution
- 26. Resilience Dividend Conditions Time EVENT EVENT EVENT Source: A Framework for Resilient Design Eskew +Dumez+Ripple
- 27. WHY RESILIENT DESIGN WHY NOW? • Natural Hazards • Climate VulnerabiliNes • Government RegulaNon • Financial • Social/Economic/Equity Impacts
- 28. LEED PILOT RESILIENT DESIGN CREDITS
- 29. …An entry point for including resilient design thinking into project planning, design, and implementaNon. LEED Pilot Credits on Resilient Design WHY?
- 30. 3 Credit Suite: LEED Pilot Credits on Resilient Design
- 31. LEED Pilot Credits on Resilient Design A GROUP effort: Core Team Alex Wilson, Resilient Design InsNtute Mary Ann Lazarus, FAIA, MALeco Betsy del Monte, FAIA, Transform Global Mark Meaders, HDR Rachel Minnery, FAIA, American InsNtute of Architects Val Walsh, Walsh Sustainability Group Lona Rerick, AIA, ZGF Architects Ted van der Linden, DPR ConstrucNon Advisors (par?al list) Ibrahim AlmuYi, P.E. Arup Illya Azaroff, AIA +LAB Architects Gail Brager, Ph.D., Center for Built Environment Ryan Colker, NIBS Ann Kosmal, AIA, GSA Brendon Levii, RA, Loisos + Ubbelohde, Jim Newman, Linnean SoluNons Luke Leung, P.E., SOM Erik Olsen, P.E., Transsolar KlimaEngineering Carl Sterner, Assoc. AIA, Sefaira Sami Vikram, AIA, ZGF Architects Don Watson, FAIA, EarthRise Design
- 32. Resilient Design - Project Applicability ?
- 33. AIRPORT JAIL MILITARY BASE COURTHOUSE Lambert International Airport
- 34. L.B. Landry High School, New Orleans LA (Eskew+Dumez+Ripple) Military Medical School, Fort Sam Houston TX (RTKL) Colorado Court Affordable Housing, Santa Monica CA (Pugh + Scarpa) West Vancouver Community Centre, British Columbia (HCMA) EDUCATIONAL RESIDENTIAL COMMUNITY CRITICAL CARE
- 35. Suite of 3 LEED pilot credits IPpc98: Assessment and planning for resilience IPpc99: Design for enhanced resilience IPpc100: Passive survivability and funcNonality during emergencies Operable, triple-glazed windows in patient rooms at Spaulding Rehab Hospital - photo: Perkins + Will
- 36. IPpc98– Assessment and planning for resilience Intent: To encourage designers, planners and building owners/ operators to proac?vely plan before design commences for the poten?al impacts of natural disasters or disturbances as well as address issues that impact long-‐term building performance such as changing climate condi?ons.
- 37. IPpc98: Assessment and planning for resilience ▪ Hazard assessment of project site – Required • Iden?fy top 3 hazards early in planning • Use local/regional miNgaNon plans where available • If not available, use idenNfied naNonal standards or internaNonal equivalents ▪ Flooding ▪ Hurricane ▪ Tornado/High Wind ▪ Earthquake ▪ Wildfire ▪ Drought ▪ Landslides/unstable soils NOAA Tornado Climatology FEMA Wildfire Map
- 38. Identifying Hazards – Local Resource Source: Houston-Galveston Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan, 2011 Update http://www.h-gac.com/community/community/hazard/documents/2011_04_Section_4-1_Hazard_Identification.pdf
- 39. Flooding – Riverine Hazard Areas
- 40. Flooding – Coastal Hazard Areas
- 41. Hurricanes….
- 42. “Texas ranks number one in the number of tornado events; number one in tornado deaths; number one in tornado injuries; and number one in total damages. “ Houston-Galveston Area Council Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan – 2011 Update
- 44. IPpc98: Assessment and planning for resilience ▪ Hazard assessment of project site – Required • Iden?fy top 3 hazards early in planning • Use local/regional miNgaNon plans where available • If not available, use idenNfied naNonal standards or internaNonal equivalents ▪ Flooding ▪ Hurricane ▪ Tornado/High Wind ▪ Earthquake ▪ Wildfire ▪ Drought ▪ Landslides/unstable soils NOAA Tornado Climatology FEMA Wildfire Map
- 45. IPpc98: Option 1: Planning for Climate Resilience IdenNfy key vulnerabiliNes • Use local plans where available • If not available, use idenNfied naNonal resources or internaNonal equivalents: – Sea Level Rise/Storm Surge – River Flooding – Winter Storms – Temperature, PrecipitaNon Changes and Storm Intensity U.S. National Climate Assessment Report NOAA Sea Level Rise and Coastal Flooding
- 46. National Climate Assessment Report, 2014
- 47. Climate – Weather Relationships Source: Extreme Weather Events in the Context of Climate Change. National Academy of Science, March 2016
- 48. Hold an Integrated Team Meeting Share the vulnerability assessment and top prioriNes with the project team and client. Research and innovate to develop opNons that may reduce vulnerability or increase resilience to climate and natural resource condiNons for the project.
- 49. IPpc98: Option 2: Assessment and planning for resilience ▪ Emergency preparedness planning • Ensure evaluaNon of emergency preparedness before design commences Red Cross Ready Rating Score Card Red Cross Ready Rating Facility Description Form
- 50. IPpc99: Design for enhanced resilience Intent: Design and construct buildings that can resist, with minimal damage, reasonably expected natural disasters and weather events
- 51. IPc99 – Design for enhanced resilience Step 1: Identify project location’s top three hazards (per IPc98) Prerequisite: IPc98 Hazards assessment Identify top 3 hazards Flooding (incl. Hurricane) High Wind (incl. Tornado & Hurricane) Earthquake Tsunami Wildfire Drought Landslides/unstable soils Step 2: Incorporate hazard design guidance into project
- 52. OPTION 1: Flooding-‐Specific Design Measures • Incorporate all flood resistant provisions of ASCE 24-‐14 Flood Resistant Design and Construc-on, (2014) • Lowest floor at minimum 5 feet above the FEMA-‐defined base flood elevaNon (BFE+5) • FoundaNons in the Coastal Zone A shall be the same as required in Coastal Zone V • MEP follow FEMA 55 guidelines for wet and dry flood-‐proofing • Sewer connecNons include sewer backflow preventers Incorporate Flooding hazard design
- 53. Post-Katrina home in New Orleans’ Lower 9th Ward that is raised 4 feet. Global Green project & photo IPc99: Build above Flood level The lowest occupied floor's lowest structural member must be a minimum of five (5) feet above the FEMA-defined base flood elevation (BFE+5).
- 54. Primary mechanical and electrical equipment, including HVAC equipment, water heating equipment, electrical panels, and generators, must follow FEMA 55 guidelines and FEMA Technical Bulletins and Advisories for wet and dry flood-proofing. Mechanical equipment located in penthouse and on roofs, Spaulding Rehab Hospital, Photo: Alex Wilson. IPc99: Protect equipment from Flooding
- 55. Fortified Flooding Mitigation Requirements OR OPTION 2 for Non-‐ Residen?al: FORTIFIED standards DESIGN CRITERIA 3.4 Flood Specific Design Requirements.
- 56. Materials selection for flooding Marine Center for the University of South Mississippi Ocean Springs MS Credit: Lake Flato.
- 57. IPpc100: Passive Survivability & Functionality During Emergencies Intent: To ensure that buildings will maintain reasonable func?onality, including access to potable water, in the event of an extended power outage or loss of hea?ng fuel.
- 58. Provide two out of three: 1. 1. Thermal Resilience 2. 2. Backup Power 3. 3. Access to Potable Water IPpc100: Passive Survivability & Functionality During Emergencies
- 59. OpNon 1: Thermal Resilience 100% of the normal building occupancy can occupy habitable zones that maintain “livable temperatures” during a power outage for 7 days in the typical extreme hot and cold weeks of the year. Passive solar apartments in Albuquerque - photo: Sunshine Homes IPpc100: Passive Survivability & Functionality During Emergencies
- 60. Drift temperatures during outages - January Temperature modeling by Atelier Ten for the report “Baby It’s Cold Inside,” Urban Green, NYC
- 61. Drift temperatures during outages - summer Temperature modeling: Atelier Ten, New York City in “Baby It’s Cold Inside,” Urban Green Council
- 62. New Criteria: Thermal Resilience Requirements: • Demonstrate through thermal modeling that a building will maintain “livable temperatures” during a power outage that lasts 7 days during peak summerNme and winterNme condiNons of a typical year. Key Defini?ons: Livable temperature: • Cooling: Not to exceed 9 °F SET-‐days (216 °F SET-‐hours) above 86°F SET for residenNal buildings. • Cooling Not to exceed 18 °F SET-‐days (432°F SET-‐hours) above 86°F SET for non-‐residenNal buildings. • HeaNng: Not to exceed 9 °F SET-‐days (216 °F SET-‐hours) below 54° SET for all buildings. Standard Effec?ve Temperature: SET factors in relaNve humidity and mean radiant temperature Habitable Zones: Defined by team Occupant Density: necessary to accommodate the total building populaNon in the habitable zones. Ven?la?on: All habitable zones must have access to natural venNlaNon
- 63. Schüco operable windows at Bullitt Center. Photos: Alex Wilson Advanced commercial glazing systems
- 64. Rocky Mountain Institute Innovation Center| Basalt, CO - ZGF Architects Photo Credit: Tim GriffithPhoto Credit: Tim Griffith No HVAC - Passive design RMI Innovation Center – ZGF Architects
- 65. Photo Credit: Tim Griffith
- 66. OpNon 2: Back-‐Up Power To ensure that a reasonable level of funcNonality can be maintained in a building in the event of loss of power. Provide adequate power for: • Fuel fired heaNng • Fan for emergency cooling • Water pumps • 3 FC emergency lighNng • 30 FC area @ 500 SF interval • Electrical receptacle • Online access • One elevator if applicable IPpc100: Passive Survivability & Functionality During Emergencies
- 67. Acceptable Power Sources • Fuel-‐fired back-‐up generator(s), with stored fuel supply • A solar-‐electric system with baiery storage • Micro-‐grid service Eldorado, New Mexico home with ground-mounted PV array - Photo: Clyde Mueller, The New Mexican
- 68. OpNon 3: Access to potable water To ensure that residents or occupants of a building will have at least minimal access to potable water during a power outage IPpc100: Passive Survivability & Functionality During Emergencies Bison hand pump on standard well casing at Tristan Robert’s house - photo: Alex Wilson
- 69. Buildings with municipal water service ▪ In tall bldgs: resident access to potable water on lower floor (or) ▪ Potable water pumps served by back-‐up power (or) ▪ Stored water in building (2 gal per resident per day) Rural buildings without municipal water service ▪ On-‐site well served by back-‐up power (or) ▪ Gravity-‐flow water from cistern or spring (or) ▪ Hand pump on well (or) ▪ Stored water in bldg. Potable Water Requirements
- 70. PROJECT EXAMPLE
- 71. Veterans Affairs Replacement Medical Center | Studio NOVA Joint Venture | nbbj Eskew+Dumez+Ripple VETERANS AFFAIRS REPLACEMENT MEDICAL CTR New Orleans, LA Studio NOVA Joint Venture | nbbj Eskew+Dumez+Ripple
- 72. CATEGORY 3 HURRICANE RESISTANT Central Energy Plant Eskew+Dumez+Ripple, Joint Venture Architect
- 73. New Central Energy Plant Research Facility Studio NOVA: nbbj, Eskew+Dumez+Ripple
- 77. LEED Pilot Credits on Resilient Design
- 78. Resilient Design - Project Applicability ? • Service life • FuncNon • LocaNon • Cost/benefit analysis • AdapNve capacity
- 79. Using the Credits: What are your priorities? • Community • Client • PracNce Opportunity • Building Type Alignment • Scale
- 80. Resources – in addition to links on credits • Houston-‐Galveston Regional MiNgaNon Plan • State of Texas Hazard MiNgaNon Plan • Resilient Design InsNtute. www.resilientdesign.org • Climate.gov • Building Resiliency Task Force reports, Urban Green Council, New York City, • A Framework for Resilient Design, Eskew+Dumez+Ripple, 2014 • Resilience: Why Things Bounce Back by Andrew Zolli, Simon & Schuster, 2013 • The Resilience Dividend: Being Strong in a World Where Things Go Wrong by Judith Rodin, PublicAffairs, 2014 • Two Degrees: The Built Environment and out Changing Climate by Alisdair McGregor, et. al., Routledge, 2012 • Resilient Design Guide, Federal Alliance for Safe Homes, 2014 • Technical BulleNn series from FEMA (wide range of bulleNns on flood resilience and other issues)
- 81. THANK YOU! ANY QUESTIONS? Mary Ann Lazarus FAIA, MALeco mary.ann.lazarus@gmail.com 314.805.9332