An Overview of Open Source & FOSS4G

한국어 지부

25th, Nov, 2010
Special Lecture for Inha University

OSGeo Korean Language Chapter
Shin, Sanghee(endofcap@gmail.com)

Contents

I. Why Open Source?
I-1. Current Market Situation
I-2. Open Innovation & Open Business Model

II. Introduction of Open Source SW
II-1. What is Open Source SW?
II-2. Open Source SW Licenses
II-3. Benefits of Open Source SW
II-4. Growth of Open Source SW
II-5. Open Source Business Model

III. Open Source GIS
III-1. Open Source GIS?
III-2. FOSS4G Based SDI
III-3. FOSS4G Projects
III-4. Open GeoData
III-5. Korean Cases

IV. Wrapping Up
IV-1. Useful Sites

I. Why Open Source?

  3 Agonies of Current Market

1 Stalled Growth

2 Diminishing Profit

3 Difficult Sustainability

OSGeo Korean Language Chapter 5 Shin, Sanghee(endofcap@gmail.com)

I. Why Open Source?

  7 Challenges for High-Tech Company

Economic Technology
Recession Oversupply

Doing More Market
with Less Uncertainty

Technology Global
Paradox Competition

Everybody
Innovates


I. Why Open Source?

  Difficulties of In-House R&D Success

Invested R&D 100%

Failed R&D 60% Commercialized R&D 40%

  In spite of heavy R&D investment, only 40% of R&D
investment commercialized.
Non-
  Among commercialized R&D, only 60% make profit.
Profitable 40%
Profitable 60%
  Overall to say, only 24% of whole R&D investment make profit
for the company.


I. Why Open Source?

  Open Innovation

Internal
Resources

New
Value
External
Resources


I. Why Open Source?

  Advent of Open Business Model


I. Why Open Source?

  Open Source Software
<Closed Business Model> <Open Business Model>

Closed
Open

In-House Collaboration
Development Development

Leverage own knowledge Leverage others knowledge too

  Designed and developed by inside R&D lab   Designed and developed with other outside partners
  Inside knowledge, intellectual property, experiences   Inside knowledge + outside knowledge
  Idling knowledge, limited leveraging outside knowledge   Cost reduction + increase innovation capabilities



  Open source SW(OSS) is the computer SW that is available in source code form under certain licenses.
  Users of OSS are permitted to use, copy, study, change, improve and even redistribute those OSS freely.
  ‘Free’ does not mean ‘Free of Charge’ but ‘Freedom’



  Open Source SW Criteria by OSI(Open Source Initiative)

1.  Free Redistribution
2.  Source Code
3.  Derived Works
4.  Integrity of The Author's Source Code
5.  No Discrimination Against Persons or Groups
6.  No Discrimination Against Fields of Endeavor
7.  Distribution of License
8.  License Must Not Be Specific to a Product
9.  License Must Not Restrict Other Software
10.  License Must Be Technology-Neutral



  Open Source SW vs. Freeware

OSS
Freeware

•  Users have the right to access & modify •  Freeware is usually distributed in a form
the source codes. of binary at ‘Free of Charge’, but does no
t open source codes itself.
•  In case original programmer disappeared
, users & developer group of the S/W us •  Developer of freeware could abandon de
ually keep its support to the S/W. velopment at any time and then final ver
sion will be the last version of the freewa
•  OSS usually has the strong users & devel re. No enhancements will be made by ot
opers group that manage and maintain t hers.
he project
•  Possibility of changing its licensing policy

  OSS is different from Freeware

  Antonym of OSS would be ‘Closed Source S/W’ or ‘Proprietary S/W’

  Recently OSS is also regarded as ‘Commercial S/W’



  Copyright vs. Licenses

Copyright
License

 Set of exclusive rights granted to the au  Permission to use the work under certain agreement.
thor or creator of an original work, inclu
ding the right to copy, distribute and ada  A kind of contract agreement like EULA(End User Licens
pt the work. e Agreements)

 Rights obtained just after create the wor  If you buy Window7, it means you just buy a permissio
k without any registration. n to install & use Windows7 S/W in your PC.

  Without any permissions, others could n  License is different from products buying.
ot use, copy, distribute, adapt the work.

IPR

Copyright Patent Trademark Trade Secret



  Typical OSS Licenses

Obligation Combining
Re-Distribut Access to to with
Free Modification
able Source Code Open Proprietary
Derived Works SW

GPL O O O O O X

LGPL O O O O O O

MPL O O O O O O

BSD Alike O O O O X O

Apache Alike O O O O X O

  GPL : Application need to be licensed under the same GPL if redistributed with the GPL asset.
  LGPL : Modified library need to be licensed under the same licenses as the originating asset.
  BSD/Apache Alike : Much more permissive for combination with proprietary SW.



  Open Source SW Licenses Rate

70.00%

60.00%

50.00%

40.00%

30.00%

20.00%

10.00%

0.00%

Sourceforge.net, May, 2006. Black Duck Software Knowledgebase, April, 2008.

  More than 60% of OSS licenses are GPL based license.
  Due to hard condition of OSS licenses, OSS is perceived to be difficult to be commercialized.



  Benefits of Open Source Software purported by OSS Community
  Save money, save resources, increase stability, access to source code, access to skilled community of d
evelopers

1. Technological 2. Economical 3. Business 4. Other
Aspects Aspects Aspects Aspects

Rapid development of high Very low adoption cost Extend company’s product Reduce energy
-class SW s portfolio
Reduce SW development Self-Satisfaction
Increased stability by skille cost Open up new market by p
d community review roviding diversified service Help society
Easy to customize s & products
Reduce technological gap t
o leading proprietary SW c Reuse successful story Improve brand image of c
ompany ompany

Internalize outside SW dev
eloper resources

Develop the society by sharing technology & outcomes!!



  Open Source Advantages over Commercial SW
  Open source’s price tag is clearly important driver. OSS is practically cheaper than commercial one.
  57% said that accessibility to source code really matters and 41% cited community code review as an i
mportant benefit over proprietary.

Price 80%
Source Code Access 57%
Community Code Review 41%
Don’t Know 20%
Bug Fix Turnaround 18%
Security 15%
Code Quality 15%
Best Product Functionality 15%
Easier to Adopt in Organization 10%
Other 6%
IP Protection 5%

* Source : Barracuda Networks 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%



  Forecast of Open Source SW Growth

  “By 2012, open-source software's impact on application software will grow to $19 billion, wit
h a five-year compound annual growth rate of 44%.”, 2008

  “By 2012, 80 per cent of all commercial software will include elements of open-source techn
ology”, 2008

  “Worldwide revenue from open source software will grow at a 22.4 percent compound annu
al growth rate to reach $8.1 billion by 2013.”, 2009

  “Large software vendors like IBM, Sun, Dell, HP, and Oracle are making significant amounts
of indirect revenue from their activities with and support of OSS.”, 2009

  “The notional value of Europe’s investment in FLOSS software today is Euro 22 billion (36 billi
on in the US) representing 20.5% of total software investment (20% in the US)”, 2007

  “FLOSS-related services could reach a 32% share of all IT services by 2010, and the FLOSS-re
lated share of the economy could reach 4% of European GDP by 2010.”, 2007



  Trends of Open Source Software Growth
  With cumulative growth of open source software, open source software has now reached a turning poi
nt or tipping point in terms of adoption of open source software and business.

<FOSS Projects Growth> <FOSS Source Codes Growth>

* Source : Amit Deshpande et al , 2008, “The Total Growth of Open Source”, In Proceedings of the Fourth Conference on Open So
urce Systems (OSS 2008).



  Combining Advantages of Proprietary and Open Source Model into ‘Commercial’ Model

Commercial Open Source Software

Advantages Advantages
of of
Proprietary Open Source
1.  Professional service 1.  Cheaper price
2.  Continuous support 2.  Source code access
3.  Easy to use 3.  Community review
4.  Reliability 4.  Quicker bug fix
5.  Functionalities 5.  More standard based

‘Whole Product’



  ‘Commercial’ Open Source Business Model as Platform Business

Community can hear more functionalities & requests

+
The bigger community
Commercial Open Source
the more resources
Company

Customers
‘Go To Market’
Open
Partners
Sales, Marketing, Support,
Services, Engineering, Pro
Source
Software
+
OEMs
Community
duct Mgmt.

+
Customers can gain higher quality software at a better price



  Ecosystem of ‘Commercial’ Open Source Business Model

High quality
open source
SW

Growth High quality
Of open source
Community Commercial ‘Whole Product’
Open Source
Business
Model

Business
growth
Attract
&
more
Contribution
to community customers



  Value Chain Change

Software Whole Product Channel Customers

In-house
In-house & partners
Outside

Cost Side
Cost Side
Money Side



  Value Chain Change

Software Whole Product Channel Customers

Community

Community
In-house
In-house & partners
Outside

Money Side
Cost Side
Cost Side
Money Side



  Open Source GIS
•  FOSS4G : Free Open Source Software for Geo-Spatial
•  GeoFOSS : Geo Free Open Source Software



  Characteristics of GIS : Vertical Set of Many Software

Client ArcMAP Google Earth QGIS Web

Interface WMS WFS WCS CSW

Middleware ArcTMS TMS GeoWebCache

Server ArcServer ArcSDE GeoServer MIP

DBMS Oracle PostgreSQL

Data Map Image DEM



  FOSS4G as Substitute for Proprietary Software

ArcReader Viewing uDig, GRASS, gvSIG, QGIS, OSSIM

ArcMap/ArcGIS Cartography uDig, GRASS, gvSIG, QGIS, OSSIM

ArcINFO/ArcGRID Analysis GRASS, OSSIM, SEXTANTE

ArcPad Devices gvSIG mobile

ArcSDE Database PostGIS

ArcIMS Web Mapserver, GeoServer

ArcGIS Server Spatial Server GRASS, SEXTANTE

VB, Python Scripting PHP, Python, Perl, C#.net, etc…

Source : “오픈 소스 GIS 소프트웨어와 표준”, 남광우



  SDI Architecture

STEFAN STEINIGER et al, 2008, “An overview of Cu
rrent Free and Open Source Desktop GIS Develop
ments”

남광우, “오픈 소스소프트웨어와 표준”


  FOSS4G Based SDI Architecture



  Combination of Proprietary & FOSS4G
EU : INSPIRE



  FOSS4G Projects under OSGeo Umbrella

Geospatial Web
Libraries Mapping

Metadata Desktop
Catalog GIS



  C Tribe

TerraLib
PostGIS

MapGuide GEOS

OSSIM

GRASS OGR/GDAL

Mapserver
Proj4
QGIS
FDO
GMT



  Java Tribe

gvSIG
GeoAPI
OpenMap

uDig
GeoTools
GeoServer

JUMP JTS Topology
Suite
DeeGree



  .Net Tribe

MapWindow Proj4
Proj.Net
WorldWind
NTS JTS
SharpMap

GDAL
OGR



  Web Tribe

Ka-Map

CartoWeb Mapserver

MapBender WMS

MapBuilder

OpenLayers TileCache

FeatureServer PostGIS
GeoExt

MapFish Geoserver

OpenScales ExtJS



  Open Street Map



  FOSS4G Adoptions in Korea



  OSGeo Korean Language Chapter


IV. Wrapping Up

  FOSS4G Related Sites

OSGeo

http://www.osgeo.org : NGO Foundation for FOSS4G

The FreeGIS Project

http://www.freegis.org : Free GIS S/W, Geo-Data, Materials

Open Source GIS

http://www.opensourcegis.org : Link page to FOSS4G


An Overview of Open Source & FOSS4G

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