Introduction to computer
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This document discusses the evolution and components of computers. It covers: 1) The evolution of computers from ancient times through the 1940s, including inventions like the abacus, slide rule, and the first programmable computers. 2) The three main components of a computer system: input devices, storage devices, and output devices. Common input devices include keyboards, mice, and scanners. Storage devices include hard disks, ROM, and RAM. Output devices include monitors, printers, and headphones. 3) More details on specific input devices like keyboards and mice, storage devices like hard disks, and output devices like monitors and printers.
Introduction to computer
- 2. EVOLUTION OF COMPUTERS Year Invention Anci ent Times Sand Tables 5000 years ago Abacus 1614 Napier Bones 1620 AD Slide Rule 1623 Pascaline 1694 Stepped Reckoner 1801 Punch Card System Year Invention 1822 Difference Engine Analytical Engine Hollerith’s Tabulator 1944 Mark 1 Computer 1933 ABC Computer 1944 COLOSSUS 1946 ENIAC 1946 EDVAC
- 4. COMPUTER SYSTEM • Computer system include input devices , Storage and output devices and processing devices. • It should have the ability to receive user input, process data, and with the processed data, create information for storage and/or output.
- 5. HARDWARE • Hardware includes all tangible( Physical, Touchable) components of a computer. • Such as CPU(central processing unit), Monitor, Keyboard, sound car, graphic card, speakers, motherboard, mouse, cd/dvd writer. • There are two parts 3 parts of Hardware Input Devices Hardware Storage Devices Output Devices
- 6. INPUT DEVICES • E.g. : - 1) Keyboard 2) Mouse Keyboard is and input device which enter letters and numbers and other symbol and commands to the computer. Most common layout is QWERTY In common keybord there are 82 to 108 keys. Most Common input device. Mouse is small hand-held pointing device.Mouse contains 2 or 3 buttons used input commands or information. Mouse can be mechanical or optical based on technology it uses. A Mouse left-right Click ,point, double click , drag and drop, and paint.
- 7. 3) Joystick Moves all directions and controls the movement of the cursor it offers 3 types of control – digital, glide, and direct. 4) Scanner A Scanner scans an image and transforms the Image to ASCII codes. Scanners use light beam to scans the input data.
- 8. 5) Pen Drive Pen Drive is used transfer data from computer or to computer. 6) CD/DVD Originally developed to play music and sound recordings . Later used to store data.
- 9. OUTPUT DEVICES 1) Printers Computer printer takes ink from a reservoir and spray in on paper in patterns determined by computer. A printer prints information and data from computer onto a paper can be textual and graphical information.
- 10. 2) Monitor Computer Monitor is a output device which displays information from computer in pictorial form.
- 11. 3) Headphones and Headsets It has components inside that converts electronic signal to sound. Headphones lets a user to listen to music, sounds privately wearing them on ears.
- 12. STORAGE DEVICES 1. Hard Disk Storage devices can be internal or external to computer which are used to store data in computer. Data can be store temporally or permanently. Storage devices are computer hardware also know as storage media, storage medium Hard disk is a electromechanical data storage that uses magnetic storage to store and receive data on platters using a actuator arm.
- 13. 2) ROM Read Only Memory is a non volatile memory used in electronic devices. Its data can be only changed very slowly or not at all. Special software are tied to the hardware in design and development which can’t be changed, 3) RAM Read Access Memory store data and machine code that currently used by computer in process for very short amount of time