Introduction to Computer Graphics
- 1. COMPUTER GRAPHICS IT Elective 2 ARNEL S. LLEMIT Instructor
- 2. Introduction to Computer Graphics It is the use of computers to create and manipulate pictures on a display device. It comprises of software techniques to create, store, modify, represent pictures. 2 IT Elec 2
- 3. Why use computer graphics? Scenario 1 A shoe manufacturing company wants to show the sale of shoes for five years. Introduction to Computer Graphics 3 IT Elec 2 Presentation Graphics • Charts & Graphs Data are presented in pictorial form
- 4. Why use computer graphics? Scenario 2 Introduction to Computer Graphics 4 IT Elec 2 Training of student pilots. • Aviation • Aerospace Engineering Flight Simulator • Safe & Training Cost Reduction
- 5. 5 IT Elec 2 Various applications of computer graphics and its importance Introduction to Computer Graphics
- 6. Applications of Computer Graphics Computer- Aided Design (CAD) Introduction to Computer Graphics 6 IT Elec 2 Presentation Graphics Computer Art Entertainment Education & Training Visualization Image Processing Graphical User Interface
- 7. Computer Aided Design • Used in design of buildings, automobiles, aircraft, watercraft, spacecraft, computers, textiles & many other products Introduction to Computer Graphics 7 IT Elec 2 • Objects are displayed in wire frame outline form. • Software packages provide multi-window environment
- 8. Computer Aided Design • Graphics design package provides standard shapes (useful for repeated placements) Introduction to Computer Graphics 8 IT Elec 2 • Animations are also used in CAD applications • Realistic displays of architectural design permits simulated “walk” through the rooms (virtual-reality systems)
- 9. Presentation Graphics Introduction to Computer Graphics 9 Used to produce illustrations for reports or generate slides for use with projectors Commonly used to summarize financial, statistical, mathematical, scientific, economic data for research reports, managerial reports & customer information bulletins IT Elec 2
- 10. Computer Art Introduction to Computer Graphics 10 IT Elec 2
- 11. Computer Art Introduction to Computer Graphics 11 IT Elec 2 Used in fine art & commercial art • Includes artist’s paintbrush programs, paint packages, CAD packages and animation packages • These packages provides facilities for designing object shapes & specifying object motions. • Examples : Cartoon drawing, paintings, product advertisements, logo design
- 12. Computer Art Introduction to Computer Graphics 12 IT Elec 2 Electronic Painting • Picture painted electronically on a graphics tablet (digitizer) using a stylus • Cordless, pressure sensitive stylus Morphing • A graphics method in which one object is transformed into another.
- 13. Entertainment Introduction to Computer Graphics 13 IT Elec 2
- 14. Entertainment Introduction to Computer Graphics 14 IT Elec 2 Movie Industry • Used in motion pictures, music videos, and television shows. • Used in making of cartoon animation films
- 15. Computer Graphics is about animation (films) Introduction to Computer Graphics 15 IT Elec 2
- 16. Entertainment Introduction to Computer Graphics 16 IT Elec 2 Game Industry • Focus on interactivity • Cost effective solutions • Avoiding computations and other tricks
- 17. Education & Training • Computer generated models of physical, financial and economic systems are used as educational aids. • Models of physical systems, physiological systems, population trends, or equipment such as color-coded diagram help trainees understand the operation of the system Introduction to Computer Graphics 17 IT Elec 2
- 18. Education & Training Specialized systems used for training applications Introduction to Computer Graphics 18 IT Elec 2 18 • simulators for practice sessions or training of ship captains • aircraft pilots • heavy equipment operators • air traffic-control personnel
- 19. Visualization Introduction to Computer Graphics 19 IT Elec 2
- 20. Visualization Introduction to Computer Graphics 20 IT Elec 2 Scientific Visualization • Producing graphical representations for scientific, engineering, and medical data sets
- 21. Visualization Introduction to Computer Graphics 21 IT Elec 2 Business Visualization • Business Visualization is used in connection with data sets related to commerce, industry and other non- scientific areas • Techniques used- color coding, contour plots, graphs, charts, surface renderings & visualizations of volume interiors.
- 22. Image Processing Introduction to Computer Graphics 22 IT Elec 2
- 23. Introduction to Computer Graphics 23 IT Elec 2 • Image processing techniques are combined with computer graphics to produce many of the data visualizations • CG- Computer is used to create a picture • Image Processing – applies techniques to modify or interpret existing pictures such as photographs and TV scans Image Processing
- 24. Introduction to Computer Graphics 24 IT Elec 2 Medical Applications • Picture Enhancements • Tomography • Simulations of Operations • Ultrasonics & Nuclear Medicine Scanners Image Processing
- 25. Introduction to Computer Graphics 25 IT Elec 2 2 Applications • Improving image quality • Machine perception of visual information (robotics) Image Processing
- 26. Introduction to Computer Graphics 26 IT Elec 2 Applying Image Processing Methods • Digitize a photograph (or picture) into an image file • Apply digital methods to rearrange picture parts to • Enhance color separations • Improve quality of shading • Tomography – technique of X-ray photography that allows cross-sectional views of physiological systems to be displayed • Computed X-ray tomography (CT) and Position Emission Tomography ( PET) use projection methods to reconstruct cross sections from digital data • Computer-Aided Surgery is a medical application technique to model and study physical functions to design artificial limbs and to plan & practice surgery • Computer-Assisted Surgery (also called Image-Guided Surgery) is a broad term used to indicate an operation in which imaging scans and computer technology are used to make a three-dimensional (3-D) model of an organ. Image Processing
- 27. Graphical User Interfaces Introduction to Computer Graphics 27 IT Elec 2
- 28. Introduction to Computer Graphics 28 IT Elec 2 • Major components – Window manager (multiple-window areas) • To make a particular window active, click in that window (using an interactive pointing device) • Interfaces display – menus & icons • Icons – graphical symbol designed to look like the processing option it represents • Advantages of icons – less screen space, easily understood • Menus contain lists of textual descriptions & icons Graphical User Interfaces
- 29. Introduction to Computer Graphics 29 IT Elec 2 • A set of libraries that provide programmatically access to some kind of graphics 2D functions. • Types • GKS-Graphics Kernel System – first graphics package -accepted by ISO & ANSI • PHIGS (Programmer’s Hierarchical Interactive Graphics Standard)-accepted by ISO & ANSI • PHIGS + (Expanded package) • Silicon Graphics GL (Graphics Library) • Open GL • Pixar Render Man interface • Postscript interpreters • Painting, drawing, design packages Graphics Packages
- 30. End of Presentation Introduction to Computer Graphics IT Elec 2