Introduction to Data Visualization
- 1. Class 4 A Taxonomy of Representation -A detailed listing of data representations -Best Practices BREAK Quick review of Visual Variables Class Activity • Characterize a visualization • Discussion: what makes good information design BREAK Get started on class project • What is the story you want to tell? • Decide on Data, type of representation, and visual variables. • Make sketches on paper or with illustrator.
- 2. DATA Quantitative (Numerical) Qualitative (Descriptive) Nominal Data has no natural order. Includes objects, names, and concepts. Examples: gender, race, religion, sport Ordinal Data can be arranged in order or rank Examples: sizes (small, medium, large), attitudes (strongly disagree, disagree, neutral, agree, strongly agree), house number. Continuous Data is measured on a continuous scale. Examples: Temperature, length, height Discrete Data is countable, and exists only in whole numbers Examples: Number of people taking this class, Number of candy bars collected on Halloween.
- 5. Quantitative Comparison Pie Chart Use sparingly No more than six components. Not useful when values of each component are similar Image source: https://eagereyes.org/techniques/pie-charts
- 6. Quantitative Comparison Doughnut Chart - Bad Idea, in general Image source: https://eagereyes.org/techniques/pie-charts
- 7. Quantitative Comparison Bar graph Best for comparing categories. Best Practices Make bars and columns wider than the space between them. Do not allow grid lines to pass through columns or bars. Use a single font type on a graph. Image source: https://www.mathsisfun.com/data/bar-graphs.html
- 8. Quantitative Comparison Stacked bar graph Order your shade pattern from darkest to lightest on stacked bar graphs. Avoid patterns. Image Source: http://www.extendoffice.com/documents/excel/2370-excel-show-percentages-in-stacked-column.html
- 9. Quantitative Comparison Clustered bar graph Image Source: http://virg.vanderbilt.edu/AssessmentPlans/Results/Reporting_Results_Quantitative.aspx
- 10. Quantitative Comparison Bubble Charts Image Source: http://www.perceptualedge.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2013/04/packed-bubble-chart.png
- 12. Quantitative Comparison Pictogram Chart For discrete data Image Source: http://www.datavizcatalogue.com/methods/pictogram.html#.Vk0RGt-rSRs
- 14. Quantitative Relational Line Charts For identifying trends.
- 15. Quantitative Relational Line Charts For identifying trends.
- 16. Quantitative Relational Scatter Plots For testing and identifying relationships, and statistical correlations
- 17. Quantitative Relational Surface plots Topography, Density Functions that have two dependent variables Image Source: http://ceadserv1.nku.edu/longa//confs/miami/
- 18. Quantitative Relational Surface plots Topography, Density Functions that have two dependent variables Image Source: https://www.wavemetrics.com/products/igorpro/creatinggraphs/3dandvolume/surface.htm
- 19. Quantitative Relational Heat map Image Source: http://blog.monitor.us/2012/08/best-website-optimization-tools/
- 20. Quantitative Relational Heat map/ Co-occurrence matrix Image Source: http://www.zerohedge.com/news/2013-08-09/definitive-fund-flows-heatmap-10-years-capital-flows
- 21. Quantitative Relational and Comparison Area Graph "US and USSR nuclear stockpiles" by Created by User:Fastfission first by mapping the lines using OpenOffice.org's Calc program, then exporting a graph to SVG, and the performing substantial aesthetic modifications in Inkscape. - Own work Source data from: Robert S. Norris and Hans M. Kristensen, "Global nuclear stockpiles, 1945-2006," Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists 62, no. 4 (July/August 2006), 64-66. Online at http://thebulletin.metapress.com/content/c4120650912x74k7/ fulltext.pdf. Licensed under Public Domain via Commons - https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/ File:US_and_USSR_nuclear_stockpiles.svg#/media/File:US_and_USSR_nuclear_stockpiles.svg
- 22. Quantitative Relational and Comparison Stacked Area Graph Image Source: http://www.mrpalsmy.com/?p=1389
- 24. Distributions Box and Whisker Plot Image Source: https://flowingdata.com/2012/05/15/how-to-visualize-and-compare-distributions/
- 27. Qualitative Data: Textual Structures Word Cloud Image source: https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-fix/wp/2015/06/16/the-many-many-things-that-are-great- according-to-donald-trump/
- 28. Qualitative Data: Textual Structures Word Tree Image Source: https://developers.google.com/chart/interactive/docs/gallery/wordtree Also see: http://www.chrisharrison.net/index.php/Visualizations/WebTrigrams
- 30. Qualitative Relational Structures Networks Force-directed node-link diagram
- 32. Qualitative Relational Structures http://www.columbia.edu/~yq2154/Africa/crossBorder.html http://bost.ocks.org/mike/uberdata/ Interactive example: Image Source: Networks Chord Diagram
- 34. Hierarchical Structures Figurative Trees Image Source: http://visualoop.com/blog/16793/vintage-infodesign-53 See Book: The Book of Trees Visualizing Branches of Knowledge Manuel Lima Loyset Liédet Tree of cosanguinity 1471
- 35. Hierarchical Structures Vertical Trees First level of abstraction. Flow charts, hierarchies Image from: http://software.clearlake.ibm.com/CMVC/4.0/infocenter/htdocs/help/whatis/content/09.gif
- 36. Hierarchical Structures Horizontal Trees Image Source: https://developers.google.com/chart/interactive/docs/gallery/wordtree Also see: http://www.chrisharrison.net/index.php/Visualizations/WebTrigrams
- 37. Hierarchical Structures Image from: http://www.guylevans.co.uk/blog/wp-content/uploads/2010/04/Website-Graph.jpg Multidirectional Trees Example: Marcel Salathé Websites as Graphs 2006 Also see: Yifan Hu The Tree of Life 2011 http://yifanhu.net/TOL/tol_9_19_2011.jpg
- 38. Hierarchical Structures Radial Trees Image from: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radial_tree
- 42. Hierarchical Structures Hyperbolic Trees Radial tree in hyperbolic space http://infovis-wiki.net/index.php?title=Hyperbolic_trees
- 43. Hierarchical Structures Rectangular Treemaps Uses nested rectangles to express hierarchy Also communicates quantitative data, using size https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Italy_Export_Treemap.jpg
- 47. Hierarchical Structures Also known as Sunbursts Radial Treemaps http://www.shiftcontrol.dk/project/57
- 48. Hierarchical Structures Equivalent Sunbursts, in rectangular coordinates Icicle Treemaps http://homes.cs.washington.edu/~jheer/files/zoo/
- 50. Temporal Structures Image Source: http://www.lexpert.com/our-approach/visualization/ Timelines
- 51. Temporal Structures Also see: http://www.concerthotels.com/100-years-of-rock/ http://support2.dundas.com/Default.aspx?article=1359Image source:
- 52. Temporal Structures Image Source: http://visual.ly/exports-and-imports-and-denmark-norway-1700-1780
- 54. Spatial Structures: Maps Choropleth Maps http://homes.cs.washington.edu/~jheer/files/zoo/
- 55. Spatial Structures: Maps Graduated Symbol Maps https://www.e-education.psu.edu/geog486/node/1869
- 56. Spatial Structures: Maps Dot Distribution Maps http://gothos.info/category/resources/ Also see: http://demographics.coopercenter.org/DotMap/index.html
- 57. Spatial Structures: Maps Heat maps Frequency of Events Topography Density
- 58. Spatial Structures: Maps Heat maps http://www.gislounge.com/heat-maps-in-gis/
- 61. Spatial-Temporal Structures Charles Minard's map of Napoleon's disastrous Russian campaign of 1812. The graphic is notable for its representation in two dimensions of six types of data: the number of Napoleon's troops; distance; temperature; the latitude and longitude; direction of travel; and location relative to specific dates
- 62. Spatial-Temporal Structures http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2012/10/26/us/hurricane-sandy-map.html?_r=0 Weather maps Image source: http://www.weather.com/storms/hurricane/news/hurricane-katrina-forecast-shift-aug26-2005 Also See:
- 65. Beyond Visualizations Fundament, Andreas Nicolas Fischer. 2008. http://anf.nu/fundament/ Tokyo earthquake data sculpture. Luke Jerram http://www.lukejerram.com/projects/t%C5%8Dhoku_earthquake http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=2481359 Jansen, Yvonne, Pierre Dragicevic, and Jean-Daniel Fekete. "Evaluating the efficiency of physical visualizations." Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. ACM, 2013. Keyboard frequency sculpture. Michael Knuepfel aviz.fr/Research/PassivePhysicalVisualizations http://dataphys.org/list/tag/data-sculpture/ http://dataphys.org/list/
- 66. Quick Review of Visual Variables
- 67. Visual variables for quantitative data (used to represent quantities) Position Size Value Time Distance
- 68. Visual variables for qualitative data (used to represent a category) Texture Colour Orientation Shape
- 69. Class Activity: Find a visualization online, or from a link in a previous class. Answer the following questions: In one or two sentences, what story does it tell? Identify the data. What type of data is it? How many dimensions are being visually mapped? Identify the visual variables used. Identify the type of visualization, or methods used. If it is interactive, describe the interaction, and the data revealed.
- 70. Some examples from Class 1 http://www.ted.com/talks/david_mccandless_the_beauty_of_data_visualization#t-576041 http://www.informationisbeautiful.net/ https://public.tableau.com/s/gallery https://github.com/mbostock/d3/wiki/Gallery http://labratrevenge.com/nation-of-poverty/ http://demographics.coopercenter.org/DotMap/ http://www.davidmccandless.com/ http://www.iadb.org/en/topics/energy/energy-database/energy-database,19144.html http://www.informationisbeautiful.net/visualizations/billion-dollar-o-gram-2013/ http://infobeautiful4.s3.amazonaws.com/2015/05/1276_left_right_usa.png Gapminder! http://www.on-broadway.nyc/
- 72. Class Project: Today: • What is the story you want to tell? • Decide on Data, type of representation, and visual variables. • Make sketches on paper or with illustrator. Next Class: • Decide on tool(s) to use. • Work on your visualization. • Finish it. Final Class: • Each person presents their visualization. • Tell the story. • Justify your design choices, and choice of visual variables.