Introduction to Human Body Systems.ppt Unit I
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The document provides an overview of various human body systems, including their roles and major organs, such as the cardiovascular, excretory, digestive, reproductive, skeletal, muscular, nervous, integumentary, endocrine, lymphatic, and respiratory systems. It also outlines basic life processes like responsiveness, metabolism, movement, growth, differentiation, reproduction, respiration, digestion, and excretion, explaining their significance in maintaining life. Each system's function and the interaction among them are essential for overall health and homeostasis.
Introduction to Human Body Systems.ppt Unit I
- 2. Cardiovascular system • Role: Heart pump blood through the blood vessel. • Blood transport biochemical required for metabolism. • Circulates oxygen, CO2 heat, water, nutrients, wastes • Major organs: Heart, Arteries, Veins, blood vessel
- 3. Excretory/ Urinary System • Role: Filters wastes from blood; maintains bodies internal nutrient balances • Also rids body of wastes via urethra • Major organs: Kidneys, Urethra, Bladder
- 4. Digestive System • Role: Breaks down macromolecules and absorbs necessary nutrients. • Elimination of solid waste. • Major organs: Stomach, L.I., S.I. and anus • Liver serves multiple functions for multiple systems (but is considered part of DS)
- 5. Reproductive System • Female reproductive system • Role: Produce ova for fertilization. • Enable sperm to enter the body. • Provide favorable environment for developing embryo. • Major organs: Ovaries, uterine tube, uterus and vagina
- 6. Reproductive system • Male reproductive system • Role- Produce and release sex hormone. • Produce, store & transport sperm. • Major organ- Testes, epididymis, ductus deferens & penis
- 7. Skeletal System • Provides body structure and support • Bone marrow creates new blood cells for circulation; also stores lipids • Major organs: bones, cartilage
- 8. Muscular System • Role: allows for movement like walking, running etc. • Stabilizes body posture. • Generation of heat. • Major organs: skeletal muscle & tendons.
- 9. Nervous System • Role - Control system of body • Coordinate voluntary & involuntary actions. • Transmit signal in different parts of body. • Maintain homeostatis. • Major organs: Brain, Spinal cord, nerves
- 10. Integumentary System • Role: Releases sweat, and heat from blood, to help control body temperature • Protects underlying tissue. • Major organs: skin, hair, nails, sebaceous gland and sweat land
- 11. Endocrine System • Role: Circulates hormones around the body to control body functions; maintains homeostasis • Major organs: Pituitary, Thyroid, Adrenals, thyroid, ovaries & testies, Pancreas, hypothalmus
- 12. Lymphatic System • Role: Returns proteins and fluid to the body. • Carries lipids from GIT to blood. • Protects against disease causing microbes • Major organs: Lymph nodes, spleen, thymus & tonsils
- 13. Respiratory System • Ventilation system for body. • Role – Transfer oxygen from inhaled air to blood & CO2 from blood to exhaled air. • Helps to regulate acid base balance. • Major organs: nose, lungs,pharynx, larynx, trachea & bronchial tube
- 14. Basic life process • The maintenance functions which are happening inside our body and inside the body of all the living organisms to maintain the living being are life processes. • Life processes comprises of the following functions:- Responsiveness, Metabolism, movement, Growth, Differentiation, Reproduction, Respiration, Digestion, Excretion,
- 15. Responsiveness Its body’s ability to detect & respond the changes. eg. Decrease in body temp. represents a change in internal environment. • Metabolism It is sum of all chemical processes that occur in the body. a) Catabolism – It is breakdown of chemical sub into simpler component. b) Anabolism – It is building up of complex sub from smaller component.
- 16. • Movement It includes motion of whole body, individual organ, single cell & even tiny structures inside cell. eg. coordinated action of leg muscle moves the entire body from one place to another when we walk or run. • Growth An increase in size either through an increase in the number of cells or through an increase in the size of each individual cell.
- 17. • Differentiation Differentiation is a developmental process by which unspecialized cells change into specialized cells with distinctive structural and functional characteristics. Through differentiation, cells develop into tissues and organs. Through differentiation process a fertilized egg develops into an embreyo and then into foetus, an infant, a child and finally an adult.
- 18. • Reproduction It refers to the formation of new cells for the tissue growth, repair or replacement, or to the production of new individual. In human fertilization of an ovum by sperm results in the development of an embreyo.
- 19. • Respiration Respiration refers to all the processes involved in the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the cells and the external environment. It includes ventilation, the diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide, and the transport of the gases in the blood. Cellular respiration deals with the oxidation of glucose to carbon dioxide & water with the release of energy in the form of ATP.
- 20. • Digestion Digestion is the process of breaking down complex ingested foods into simple molecules that can be absorbed into the blood and utilized by the body. • Excretion Excretion is the process that removes the waste products of digestion and metabolism from the body. The metabolic waste should be remove from the body as accumulation of these substance alter the pH & homeostasis.