Introduction to Information Technology

INTRODUCTION TO
INFORMATION
TECHNOLOGY (IT)

ARTICLES INCLUDED:
• HANDLING OF YOUR
PC1
• INTRODUCTION TO
COMPUTER2
• COMPUTER
LANGUAUE3

 Good ventilation
 Clean environment
 Stable, vibration free surface
Things computer like:
Х Dust
Х Drinking and eating over the keyboard
Х Heat, Cold or Moisture
Х Don’t place objects on top of monitors.
Х Don’t place floppy disks near monitors.
Things computer don’t like:

INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER
SYSTEM
• WHAT IS COMPUTER?
• BASIC TERMS OF COMPUTER
• ADVANTAGES OF USING COMPUTER
• CLASSIFICATION OF COMPUTER

“Computer is a fast and accurate electronic
automatic calculating device, that accept data,
stores data, process and then produce results, with
the help of a program.”

 Accounts
 Games
 Educational
 On-line banking
 Smart ID cards
 Supermarkets
 Working from home (Tele-working)
 Internet

DATA
Row facts & figures like
name,list,price , quantity
INFORMATION
Data which use in useful form
like complete address or
sentence.
DEFAULT
The original setting , which will
happen if you don’t change
anything.
MEMORY Storage capacity of computer.

SPEED
Computer can carry out
instructions in less than of
millionth of second.
ACCURACY
Computer can do calculations
without errors.
DILLIGENCE
Computer can capable of
performing tasks repetitively.
STORAGE
CAPACITY
Computer can store large amount
of data on magnetic media.

COMPUTER SYSTEM
HARDWARE SOFTWARE
INPUT
DEVICES
OUTPUT
DEVICES
STORAGE
DEVICES
SYSTEM
SOFTWARE
APPLICATION
SOFTWARE

CONCEPT OF HARDWARE &
SOFTWARE
• WHAT IS HARDWARE?
• HARDWARE DEVICES (PERIPHERALS OF COMPUTER)
1. Input devices
2. Output devices
3. Storage devices
• WHAT IS SOFTWARE?
• TYPES OF SOFTWARE

WHAT IS HARDWARE?
“The physical appearance of computer is called
hardware.”
WHAT IS HARDWARE DEVICES?
The devices which are attached to the computer
central unit (CPU) is called hardware devices.
TYPES OF HARDWARE DEVICES
There are three types of hardware devices.
1) INPUT DEVICES
2) OUTPUT DEVICES
3) STORAGE DEVICES

INPUT DEVICES
ANY HARDWARE DEVICE THAT SENDS
DATA TO A COMPUTER IS CALLED
INPUT DEVICE.

KEYBOARDS
The keyboard is one of the primary ways we
communicate with the computer and enter
data. There are many different types of
computer keyboards, including wired,
wireless, ergonomic, and multimedia.
Although there may be differences in the
location of some keys or features, keyboards
are very similar and allow you to accomplish
basically the same tasks.
INPUT DEVICES

MOUSE
The mouse is a peripheral that is known as
a pointing device. It lets you point to objects
on the screen, click on them, and move them.
There are two main types of mice: optical and
mechanical. The optical mouse uses an
electronic eye to detect movement and is
easier to clean. The mechanical mouse uses a
rolling ball to detect movement.
INPUT DEVICES

TRACK BALL
A trackball has a ball on top that can
rotate freely. Instead of moving the
device like a mouse, you can roll the ball
with your fingers to move the pointer.
Some mobile devices have miniature
trackballs that can be controlled with
your thumb.
INPUT DEVICES

TOUCH PAD/ GLIDEPAD
A touchpad—also called a track
pad—is a touch-sensitive pad that
lets you control the pointer by
making a drawing motion with your
finger. Touchpads are common on
laptop computers.
INPUT DEVICES

MICROPHONE
An input device that converts sound
into a signal that can be fed into a
computer.
INPUT DEVICES

SCANNER
With hardware, a scanner or optical
scanner is a hardware input device
for a computer. Scanners allow a
user to take a printed picture or
document and convert it into a
digital file, allowing a computer to
read or display the file.
INPUT DEVICES

OUTPUT DEVICES
ANY HARDWARE DEVICE THAT RECEIVE
DATA TO A COMPUTER USUALLY FOR
DISPLAY OR PROJECTION IS CALLED
OUTPUT DEVICE.

SCREEN/ DISPLAY
A computer monitor is an output device that is used as
an electronic visual display for computers. Monitor is
also known as CRT (Cathode Rays Tube).
The LCD is made of two sheets of a flexible polarizing
material with a layer of liquid crystal solution. LCD is
used to visual display for computer.
OUTPUT DEVICES

PRINTER
A printer is a device that print text
documents and image on paper
(HARDCOPY).
OUTPUT DEVICES

PLOTTER
Plotters is a printer that interpreted command
from computer to make line drawing on paper
with one or more automated pens. .
INPUT DEVICESOUTPUT DEVICES

A computer storage device is any
type of hardware that stores data.
There are two types of storage
devices:
1.Primary storage.
2.Secondary storage devices.
STORAGE DEVICES
TYPES OF STORAGE DEVICES

HARD DISK:
A magnetic disk on which you can store
computer data. single hard disk usually
consists of several platters. Each platter
requires two read/write heads, one for each
side.

FLOPPY DISK.
Floppy Disk - a small plastic magnetic disk
enclosed in a stiff envelope with a radial slit; used
to store data or programs for a microcomputer;
"floppy disks are noted for their relatively slow
speed and small capacity and low price"

USB:
A USB flash drive (based around Universal Service
Bus technology) is a compact, lightweight and
micro portable data storage device. A USB flash
drive is used to transfer files, documents, photos
and more from a desktop to a flash drive and vice-
versa

CD ROM:
Stands for "Compact Disc." CDs are circular discs that
are 4.75 in (12 cm) in diameter. The CD standard was
proposed by Sony and Philips in 1980 and the technology
was introduced to the U.S. market in 1983. CDs can hold
up to 700 MB of data or 80 minutes of audio. The data on
a CD is stored as small notches on the disc and is read by
a laser from an optical drive.

DVD ROM:
Stands for "Digital Versatile Disc." It can also stand for "Digital Video
Disc," but with the multiple uses of DVDs, the term "Digital Versatile
Disc" is more correct. A DVD is a high-capacity optical disc that looks like
a CD, but can store much more information. While a CD can store 650 to
700 MB of data, a single-layer, single-sided DVD can store 4.7 GB of data.
This enables massive computer applications and full-length movies to be
stored on a single DVD.

RANDOM ACCESS MEMEORY (RAM)
A temporary storage area uses to run programs and
stores data. The data stores in RAM is temporary when
the computer is shutting down the data which is stored
in RAM becomes vanished.
PRIMARY STORAGE DEVICES
RAM

READ ONLY MEMORY (ROM)
A permanent storage area to stores data.it
is also called nonvolatile memory because
when the power is switched off the data
which is stored in ROM remains.
PRIMARY STORAGE DEVICES

WHAT IS SOFTWARE?
“ or simply
is any set of machine-readable
instructions that directs a computer’s processor
to perform specific operations.”
Computer software contrasts with
.

Diagram showing how the operating system software and
application software are layered on a typical desktop
computer.

1. SYSTEM SOFTWARE
2. APPLICATION SOFTWARE
SYSTEM SOFTWARE
1) It controls the overall operation of computer.
2) It stores in computer memory and instruct the computer to load, stores and
execute an application.
operating system,DOS,windows,unix,95,98,2000,XP,VISTA,7,8
etc.
APPLICATION SOFTWARE
“These types of software designed for perform specific tasks.”
MS-office, MS-outlook, Tally, PAINT, NOTEPAD ETC.
TYPES OF SOFTWARE

CLASSIFICATION OF SYSTEM SOFTWARE
ACCORDING TO INTERFACE
The user has to type the command on command
prompt to get the work complete.
EXAMPLE: DOS, UNIX.
The user has not need to type. He just point and click the
desired icon and the work has to be done.
EXAMPLE: Windows, Linux.
CHARACTER USER
INTERFACE(CUI)
GRAPHICAL USER
INTERFACE (GUI)

Introduction to Information Technology

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